Antibiotic Drugs Flashcards
low spectrum activity, dosed frequently, drug of choice for Group A strep and have weak Gram negative coverage
Penicillins
Give the ROA and AE of Penicillin G
ROA: IV
AE: hypokalemia
Give the ROA and AE of Penicillin VK
ROA: oral
AE: hyperkalemia
low spectrum of activity, has increased Gram negative coverage over penicillin, oral amoxicillin has better oral absorption, good coverage of enterococcus
Aminopenicillins:
What is the ROA of amoxicillin? (aminopenicillin)
oral
What is the ROA of ampicillin (aminopenicillin)
IV and oral
increased spectrum activity including anaerobe coverage; more reliable for Gram negative and Strep species
Aminopenicillin/Beta-lactamase inhibitor combination
What is the ROA of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (augmenting)?
Aminopenicillin/Beta-lactamase inhibitor combination
oral
What is the ROA of ampicillin/sulbactam (unasyn)?
Aminopenicillin/Beta-lactamase inhibitor combination
IV
reliable Gram positive coverage only, drug of choice for MSSA; frequent dosing required
Penicllinase-resistant penicillins
Give the ROA and AE for Oxacillin (Penicllinase-resistant penicillin)
ROA: IV
AE: hepatitis
Give the ROA for Methacillin (penicillinase-resistant penicillin)
IV
most broad spectrum penicillin available, addition of beta-lactase inhibitor adds anaerobe coverage
Anti-psudomonal/beta-lactamse inhibitor combination
What is the ROA of piperacillin/tazobactam (zoysyn)? (Anti-psudomonal/beta-lactamse inhibitor combination)
IV
In regards to cephalosporins, this generation has excellent Gram positive coverage including MSSA, but less reliable coverage against Gram negative species
1st
Give the ROA of cefazolin (1st generation cephalosporin)
IV
Give the ROA of Cephalexin (1st generation cephalosporin)
oral
In regards to cephalosporins, this generation has good Gram positive activity, limited Gram negative, used mainly in respiratory infections
2nd
Give the ROA of cefaclor (2nd generation cephalosporin)
oral
Give the ROA of cefoxitin (2nd generation cephalosporin)
IV
In regards to cephalosporins, this generation has improved coverage against Gram negative organisms and also has excellent Strep coverage
3rd
Give the ROA and AE of Ceftriaxone (3rd generation cephalosporin)
ROA: IV
AE: biliary sludging and stones
In regards to cephalosporins, this generation is the most broad spectrum and has excellent Gram negative coverage including pseudomonas
4th
Give the ROA of cefepime (4th generation cephalosporin)
IV
most broad spectrum agents available. no coverage against MRSA but great Gram positive and Gram negative coverage including pseudomonas. Agents have good anaerobic coverage.
carbapenems
Give the ROA of Ertapenem (carbapenem)
IV
note: does not cover Pseudomonas
Give the ROA of meropenem (carbopenem)
IV
Gram negative coverage only, including pseudomonas. can use patients with sever penicillin/cephalosporin allergy
monobactam
Give the ROA of Aztreonam (monobactam)
IV
Bacterostatic and Time dependant; commonly used to treat upper and lower respiratory tract infections; posses activity against atypical organisms as well as common organisms which are responsible for community acquired pneumonia
Macrolides
Give the ROA and AE of Azithromycin (macrolide)
ROA: IV and PO
AE: no significant interactions with drugs metabolized with cytochrome p450
Bactericidal and Concentration dependent; broad spectrum agents with good Gram positive and Gram negative activity. Best for empiric coverage of UTI
Fluoroquinolones
What is the ROA of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin? (all fluoroquinolones)
IV and Oral
Bactericidal and concentration dependent; have good Gram negative coverage, including pseudomonas; can be used as mono therapy for UTI
Aminoglycoside
