Antibiotic Drugs

Question 1

___________ drugs are substances that either kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria.

Answer 1

Antibacterial

Question 2

True or false: Antibiotics can cause allergic reactions, superinfection, and organ toxicity, among other side effects.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What are the five antibacterial action mechanisms?

Answer 3

1. Inhibition of Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis
2. Alteration of Membrane Permeability
3. Inhibition of Protein Synthesis
4. Inhibition of the Synthesis of Bacterial RNA and DNA
5. Interference with Metabolism within the Cell

Question 4

Antibiotics with a beta-lactam ring in their chemical structure are known as ___________ antibiotics. Penicillin, cephalosporins, carbapenems, and monobactams are examples of antibiotics that inhibit the synthesis of bacterial peptidoglycan cell walls.

Answer 4

Beta-lactam

Question 5

___________ are used on the body, while ___________ are used on nonliving surfaces like countertops and handrails.

Answer 5

Antiseptics, Disinfectants

Question 6

What enzymes in fungal cells are inhibited by ketoconazole and fluconazole, antifungal drugs that fight rapidly growing fungi?

Answer 6

P450

Question 7

True or false: Norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gemifloxacin are examples of sulfonamide antibiotics.

Answer 7

False

Question 8

The most effective antimalarial drug for eradicating the parasite during the exoerythrocytic phase is ___________.

Answer 8

Primaquine

Question 9

When bacteria become resistant to a drug, the pathogen will continue to grow despite antibiotic treatment. Give the 2 types of bacterial resistance.

Answer 9

1. Inherent Resistance
2. Acquired Resistance

Question 10

Which beta-lactam antibiotic class has the broadest antibacterial action of any antibiotic?

Answer 10

Carbapenems

Question 11

True or false: Cidofovir is an antiviral medication used to treat Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients. Cidofovir is not recommended for patients with renal impairment or those taking nephrotoxic drugs.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

___________ infections have proven more difficult to treat because the virus replicates inside host cells and has replicated thousands/millions of times before symptoms appear.

Answer 12

Viral

Question 13

An antibiotic that binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit of bacteria and is used to treat rickettsia, chlamydia, mycoplasma, and spirochete infections such as syphilis and Lyme disease.

Answer 13

Tetracyclines

Question 14

When one antibiotic increases the effectiveness of the second, the ___________ effect of antibiotic combinations occurs.

Answer 14

Potentiative

Question 15

Some bacterial strains produce beta-lactamase, an enzyme that provides resistance by destroying the beta-lactam ring in drugs. What additional drug is required for beta-lactam drugs to be more effective against those microorganisms?

Answer 15

Beta-lactamase Inhibitor

Question 16

Tuberculosis is characterized by granulomas in the lungs from the accumulation of inflammatory cells with a cheesy caseated consistency. It is caused by abacteriumcalled ___________.

Answer 16

Mycobacteriumtuberculosis

Question 17

What antihelminthic drug increases the permeability of the worm’s cell membrane, causing dislodgement on the site of residence, where they are then killed by the host?

Answer 17

Praziquantel

Question 18

Limiting ___________ use to patients with prosthetic heart valves and recurring urinary tract infections is a nursing consideration.

Answer 18

Prophylactic

Question 19

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is a treatment for HIV infection that combines three or more drugs. The primary goals of HAART are to ___________ viral load and ___________ CD4 levels.

Answer 19

Decrease, Increase

Question 20

A bioassay performed on the skin which detects presence of allergen-specific IgE on a patient’s mast cells.

Answer 20

Skin Testing