Antibiotic Drugs Flashcards
What are the 5 mechanisms of Antibacterial Action?
1) inhibition of bacterial cell-wall synthesis;
2) alteration of membrane permeability;
3) inhibition of protein synthesis;
4) inhibition of the synthesis of bacterial RNA and DNA;
5) interference with metabolism within the cell
What is Minimum Effective Concentration?
MEC= The minimum amount of antibacterial drug to halt the growth of microorganisms
What are the 2 types of bacterial resistance to antibiotics?
1) Inherent – occurs without previous exposure to the drug;
2) Acquired – caused by prior exposure to the antibacterial
This test is done almost all of the time prior to administering antibiotics
Skin test/Intradermal
What are cephalosporins?
From a fungus discovered in seawater, its molecules are chemically altered and semi-synthetic medications are produced
What are carbapenems?
Have the broadest antibacterial actions of any antibiotics; Bactericidal and inhibit cell wall synthesis and are often reserved for complicated body cavity and connective tissue infections
What are quinolones?
Destroy bacteria by altering their DNA, does not affect human DNA
What is the drug of choice for preventing anthrax?
Quinolones
What is mycosis?
The term used to describe fungal infection
What are Helminths?
Large and complex multicellular structures. Can also called parasitic worms
This is an antihelminthic that destroys worm’s cytoplasm which immobilizes and kills the worm
Albendazole
What do you call a mature virus particle?
Virion
Why is skipping or taking decreased dosages of antiretrovirals bad?
It may cause medication resistance and possible treatment failure
What is HAART?
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy, an aggressive treatment method using three or more different medications to reduce the amount of virus and increase CD4 counts
