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APEA review > Antibiotic > Flashcards

Antibiotic Flashcards

1
Q

how would you know an organism can make beta-lactams

A

if a pt had an ATB in the last 90 days and get sick again you should suspect an organism that can make beta lactam

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2
Q

gram positive Bugs

A

Staph
strep
Enterococcus
C-diff

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3
Q

gram negative bugs

A

Just above everything else that is not the 4-gram positive bugs

Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Neisseria meningitidis
E coli, shigella, campylobacter, salmonella
Pasteurella
rickettsia, borrelia
proteus, pseudomonas, legionella, other

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4
Q

staphylococcus - gram positive bugs

A

staph aureus (skin)
MSSA (skin)
MRSA (skin)
Staph saprophyticus (UTI, vagina)
Staph epidermis (skin)

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5
Q

Streptococcus-gram positive bugs

A

strep pyogenes (throat)
strep pneumoniae (lungs)
strep viridans (dental abscess, endocarditis)
strep agalactiae (Group B strep)

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6
Q

Enterococcus-gram positive bugs

A

enterococcus faecallis -urinary tract
Enterococcus-faecium-urinary tract

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7
Q

C-diff

A

-listeria monocytogenes (listeriosis) outbreaks in food or ice cream
-corynebacterium diphtheriae (Diphtheria)
-Clostridium botulinum (Botulism)
-clostridium tetani (tetanus)
-Bacillus anthracis (anthrax)

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8
Q

C-diff

A

-listeria monocytogenes (listeriosis) outbreaks in food or ice cream
-corynebacterium diphtheriae (Diphtheria)
-Clostridium botulinum (Botulism)
-clostridium tetani (tetanus)
-Bacillus anthracis (anthrax)

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9
Q

Empiric treatment

A

-difference between gram positive and negative
-Beta-lactam ring

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10
Q

what is beta-lactam

A

its an ATB with a beta-lactam ring
Any penicillin or cephalosporin

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11
Q

What are the rules for a pt with penicillin allergy

A

-Never give a cephalosporin if the patient PNC reaction was anaphylaxis
-Don’t give a cephalosporin if PNC reaction was Hives
Hives=IgE mediated
-GIVE a cephalosporin if PNC reaction was a morbilliform rash

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12
Q

Morbilliform rash

A

the rash is macular or maculopapular, lession are fixed, area expands over several days
-may itch
-more prevalent in children]
-more common with aminopenicillins (amox and ampicillin)

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13
Q

What happen when a pt who has mononucleosis is exposed to penicillin

A

Morbilliform rash
-T cell-mediated
-concurrent viral infection predispose pt to morbilliform rash

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14
Q

mononucleosis

A

Mono; Kissing disease; Glandular fever. Mononucleosis, or mono, is a viral infection that causes fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph glands, most often in the neck. Swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, fatigue and headache are some of the symptoms of mononucleosis, which is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus.

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15
Q

what is beta-lactamase

A

an enzyme that smart bacteria learn how to make

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16
Q

What does beta-lactamase do

A

it destroy the beta-lactam ring of PNC and cephalosporin, and if it destroy the ATB wont work

17
Q

Penicillin (Amox, Ampicillin, PNC k and G)

A

kill GRAM POSITIVE (Strep, Enterococcus, C-diff, C botulinum wound not food) expect Staph

18
Q

Penicillin (Augmentin,)

A

Kill Both GRAM POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE, B-lactamase but NOT MRSA

19
Q

Sulfonamides (TMP-SMX (Bactrim , septra)

A

kill GRAM -NEGATIVE, MRSA, CA-MRSA, E coli but NOT STREP

20
Q

Tetracyclines (Doxycycline, minocycline, vibramicin)

A

KIll GRAM_NEGATIVE, ATYPICALS ORGANISM< MRSA
Minocycline is good for MSSA and Ca-MRSA

Doxy/mino good for atypical pathogens and lower resp trac

21
Q

Cephalosporin

A

1st generation- GRAM +
2nd generation -GRAM+, GRAM-
3rd generation GRAM+.GRAM- ,Beta-lactamase

22
Q

cephalosporin 1st generation

A

cephalexin (kerflex)
Cefadroxil kill gram positive
Staph MSSA
Strep

23
Q

cephalosporin 2nd generation

A

cefuroxime (Ceftin)
cefactor (cector)
cefprozil (cefzil)
Staph MSSA
STREP

24
Q

cephalosporin 3rd generation

A

ceftibuten (cedax)
cefixime (suprax)
Ceftriaxone (rocephin)
kill gram +. gram-. beta-lactamase but not STAPH

25
Q

Macrolides

A

Azithromycin (Zithromax)
clarithromycin (Biaxin)
kill atypical pathogen (mycoplasma)
Staph MSSA, Strep. not enterococcus, listeria

26
Q

fluoroquinolones 2nd generation

A

ciprofloxacin (cipro) kill gram-negative and atypical

27
Q

3rd generation

A

levofloxacin (Levaquin)
kill gram +, gram -, atypical. DRSP, but not MRSA

28
Q

4th generation

A

moxifloxacin ( Avelox), Gemifloxacin (factive). Delafloxin (baxdela)

kill gram + -. atypical. DRSP. Not urinary pathogens

29
Q

Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)

A

kill bladder pathogens only
E coli

30
Q

Glycopeptide

A

vancomycin
kill gram +. anaerobes

APEA review (9 decks)

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