Antibacterials (M) Flashcards
The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving an intravenous antibiotic. The nurse notes that the provider has ordered serum drug peak and trough levels. The nurse understands that these tests are necessary for which type of drugs?
a. Drugs with a broad spectrum
b. Drugs with a narrow spectrum
c. Drugs with a broad therapeutic index
d. Drugs with a narrow therapeutic index
d. Drugs with a narrow therapeutic index
The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving an intravenous antibiotic. The patient has a serum drug trough of 1.5 mcg/mL. The normal trough for this drug is 1.7 to 2.2 mcg/mL. What will the nurse expect the patient to experience?
a. Inadequate therapeutic effects
b. Increased risk for superinfection
c. Excessive adverse effects
d. Signs of drug toxicity
a. Inadequate therapeutic effects
The nurse is teaching a nursing student about the minimal effective concentration (MEC) of antibiotics. Which statement by the nursing student indicates understanding of this concept?
a. “A serum drug level greater than the MEC ensures that the drug is bacteriostatic.”
b. “A serum drug level greater than the MEC broadens the spectrum of the drug.”
c. “A serum drug level greater than the MEC is sufficient to halt the growth of the microorganism.”
d. “A serum drug level greater than the MEC increases the therapeutic index.”
c. “A serum drug level greater than the MEC is sufficient to halt the growth of the microorganism.”
The nurse is caring for a patient who has recurrent urinary tract infections. The patient’s current infection is not responding to an antibiotic that has been used successfully several times in the past. The nurse understands that this is most likely due to:
a. acquired bacterial resistance.
b. cross-resistance.
c. inherent bacterial resistance.
d. transferred resistance.
a. acquired bacterial resistance.
The nurse is preparing to administer amoxicillin (Amoxil) to a patient and learns that the patient previously experienced a rash when taking penicillin. Which action will the nurse take?
a. Administer the amoxicillin and have epinephrine available.
b. Ask the provider to order an antihistamine.
c. Contact the provider to discuss using a different antibiotic.
d. Request an order for a beta-lactamase resistant drug.
c. Contact the provider to discuss using a different antibiotic.
The nurse is preparing to administer an antibiotic to a patient who has been receiving the antibiotic for 2 days after a culture was obtained. The nurse notes increased erythema and swelling, and the patient has a persistent high fever of 39° C. What is the nurse’s next best action?
a. Administer the antibiotic as ordered.
b. Contact the provider to request another culture.
c. Discuss the need to add a second antibiotic with the provider.
d. Review the sensitivity results from the patient’s culture.
d. Review the sensitivity results from the patient’s culture.
The nurse is preparing to administer the first dose of an antibiotic to a patient admitted for a urinary tract infection. Which action is most important prior to administering the antibiotic?
a. Administering a small test dose to determine whether hypersensitivity exists
b. Having epinephrine available in the event of a severe hypersensitivity reaction
c. Monitoring baseline vital signs, including temperature and blood pressure
d. Obtaining a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity
d. Obtaining a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity
A patient is admitted to the hospital for treatment of pneumonia after complaining of high fever and shortness of breath. The patient was not able to produce sputum for a culture. The nurse will expect the patient’s provider to order which of the following?
a. a broad-spectrum antibiotic.
b. a narrow-spectrum antibiotic.
c. multiple antibiotics.
d. the pneumococcal vaccine.
a. a broad-spectrum antibiotic.
The nurse is teaching a patient who will be discharged home from the hospital to take amoxicillin (Amoxil) twice daily for 10 days. Which statement by the nurse is correct?
a. “Discontinue the antibiotic when your temperature returns to normal and your symptoms have improved.”
b. “If diarrhea occurs, stop taking the drug immediately and contact your provider.”
c. “Stop taking the drug and notify your provider if you develop a rash while taking this drug.”
d. “You may save any unused antibiotic to use if your symptoms recur.”
c. “Stop taking the drug and notify your provider if you develop a rash while taking this drug.”
The nurse is preparing to administer the first dose of intravenous ceftriaxone (Rocephin) to a patient. When reviewing the patient’s chart, the nurse notes that the patient previously experienced a rash when taking amoxicillin. What is the nurse’s next action?
a. Administer the drug and observe closely for hypersensitivity reactions.
b. Ask the provider whether a cephalosporin from a different generation may be used.
c. Contact the provider to report drug hypersensitivity.
d. Notify the provider and suggest an oral cephalosporin.
a. Administer the drug and observe closely for hypersensitivity reactions.
The nurse is preparing to give a dose of a
cephalosporin medication to a patient who has been
receiving the antibiotic for 2 weeks. The nurse notes ulcers on the patient’s tongue and buccal mucosa. Which action will the nurse take?
a. Hold the drug and notify the provider.
b. Obtain an order to culture the oral lesions.
c. Gather emergency equipment to prepare for anaphylaxis.
d. Report a possible superinfection side effect of the cephalosporin.
d. Report a possible superinfection side effect of the cephalosporin.
The nurse is providing teaching to a patient who will begin taking a cephalosporin to treat an infection. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?
a. “I may stop taking the medication if my symptoms clear up.”
b. “I should eat yogurt while taking this medication.”
c. “I should stop taking the drug and call my provider if I develop a rash.”
d. “I will not consume alcohol while taking this medication.”
a. “I may stop taking the medication if my symptoms clear up.”
The nurse is caring for a patient who takes low-dose erythromycin as a prophylactic medication. The patient will begin taking cefaclor for treatment of an acute infection. The nurse should discuss this with the provider because taking both of these medications
simultaneously can cause which effect?
a. Decreased effectiveness of cefaclor
b. Increased effectiveness of cefaclor
c. Decreased effectiveness of erythromycin
d. Increased effectiveness of erythromycin
a. Decreased effectiveness of cefaclor
A patient is receiving high doses of cefazolin. Which laboratory values will this patient’s nurse monitor closely?
a. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, and liver function tests
b. Complete blood count and electrolytes
c. Serum calcium and magnesium
d. Serum glucose and lipids
a. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, and liver function tests
A patient will begin taking amoxicillin. The nurse should instruct the patient to avoid which foods?
a. Green leafy vegetables
b. Beef and other red meat
c. Coffee, tea, and colas
d. Acidic fruits and juices
d. Acidic fruits and juices
