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STEP1 > Antibacterials > Flashcards

Antibacterials Flashcards

1
Q

Classes that affect folate synthesis

A

Sulfonamides, trimethoprim

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2
Q

Drug classes that target DNA integrity

A

Metronidazole (causes ds breaks)

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3
Q

Drug classes that target DNA gyrase

A

Fluorquinolones, Quinolone

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4
Q

Drugs that target cell wall synthesis

A

Beta lactams (-cillins), vancomycin, bacitracin, carbapenams, cephalosporins, monobactams

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5
Q

Drug classes that target microbial protein synthesis

A

Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines, Chloramphenicol, Clindamycin, Linezolid, Macrolides, Streptogramins

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6
Q

MOA: Penicillin

A

D-ala-D-ala analog, binds to PBPs, blocking cross-linking of peptioglycans
*As a result - used for Gram + mostly

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7
Q

AE of Penicillins

A

Major AE is hypersensitivity reactions, which tend to be cross-reactive across penicillins, as well as cephalosporins

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8
Q

Exception: Name the Anti-Pseudomonal penicillins

A

Piperacillin and ticarcillin

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9
Q

B Lactamase Inhibitors - name the 4

A 
CAST:
Clavulonic acid
Avibactam
Sulbactam
Tazobactam
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10
Q

Cephalosporins - MOA

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis, beta-lactam drugs

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11
Q

Cephalosporins - AEs

A

Hypersensitivity (check for penicillin allergies), AIHA, disulfiram-life rxn, vitamin K deficiency

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12
Q

Cephalosporins - MOR

A

Structural changes to the PBPs

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13
Q

Vancomycin - MOA + MOR

A

Binds D-ala-D-ala portion of cell wall, inhibiting synthesis

MOR: Bacteria changes to D-ala-D-Lac (VRE)

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14
Q

Vancomycin - AEs

A

Red man syndrome and NOT:

Nephrotoxicity-ototoxicity-thrombophlebitis

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15
Q

Vancomycin - Uses

A

Gram + ONLY
Reserved for MDR, such as MRSA
C diff (oral), S. epidermidis, non-VR enterococci

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16
Q

Aminoglycosides - MOA

A

BacteriCIDAL bc they cause 3 things:
Misreading of mRNA
Inhibit 30S ribosomal subunit
Block translocation

17
Q

Aminoglycosides - AEs

A

Nephrotoxicity (ATN), ototoxicity (hearing and vestibular), neuromuscular blockade, teratogen (deafness, ototoxicity)

18
Q

Tetracyclines - MOA

A

Inhibit 30S subunit (bacteriostatic)

19
Q

Tetracyclines - Uses

A

Atypical pneumonias, acne, tick-borne diseases (Rickettsia, Borrelia), MRSA

20
Q

Tetracyclines - AEs

A

GI, photosensitivity, teeth discoloration - contraindicated in children under 8 and pregnancy due to this.

21
Q

Daptomycin - MOA

A

Glycopeptide that inserts its lipid tail into the cell wall, causing pores in membrane, leading to depolarization and then cell death (bactericidal)

22
Q

Daptomycin - AEs

A

Myopathy, rising CPK should be monitored

23
Q

Monobactams/Carbapenams - MOA

A

B lactams, inhibit cell wall synthesis
Especially resistant to b-lactamases
Reserved for serious infections

24
Q

Monobcatams & carbapenams - AEs

A

Lower seizure threshold
Rash
GI - diarrhea

25
Q

Chloramphenichol - MOA

A

50S inhibitor reversibly binds

Bacteriostatic

26
Q

Chloramphenical - AEs

A

Reversible anemia
Irreversible aplastic anemia
Grey baby syndrome

27
Q

Linezolid - MOA

A

50S inhibitor (bacteriostatic)

28
Q

Linezolid - AEs

A

Thrombocytopenia (MC AE)
Serotonin syndrome (weak MAO-I)
optic neuropathy
peripheral neuropathy (glove & stocking)

29
Q

Metronidazole - MOA

A

Gets metabolized into a free radical, which then causes ds DNA breaks

30
Q

Metronidazole - AEs

A

Disulfiram-like reaction, GI upset, metallic taste

31
Q

Fluorquinolones - MOA

A

Inhibit DNA gyrase (topo II) and topo IV which leads to increased supercoiling
Bactericidal

32
Q

Fluoroquinolones - AEs

A

GI upset, superinfection, rash, headache, dizziness
Leg cramps/myalgias
Contraindicated for pregnancy, nursing, children
Cartilage damage in babies/children
Tendon damage/rupture in elderly
Cipro: CYP inhibitor

33
Q

Sulfonamides - MOA

A

Inhibit DHPS, affectign folate synthesis

34
Q

Sulfonamides - AEs

A

Hypersensitivity reactions (sulfa allergy), Stevens-Johnson, kernicterus in infants, G6PD oxidative trigger, nephrotoxic, photosensitivity, CYP inhibitor

35
Q

Dapsone - MOA and Use

A

Inhibits dihydropteroate synthase (like sulfonamides)

Used for leprosy and pneumocystis prophylaxis (if TMP-SMX or pentamidine not used)

36
Q

Clindamycin - MOA

A

Inhibits 50S ribosomal subunit

Prevents formation of the initiation complex

37
Q

Clindamycin - AEs

A

C diff diarrhea

STEP1 (11 decks)

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