Antibacterials Flashcards
Vancomycin
Glycopeptide - B-lactam
is effective against gram positive bacteria
Reserved for penicillin reaistance
MRSA
Amoxycillin, flucloxacillin, dicloxacillin, phenoxymethyl are all examples of:
Penicillins
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors
First line choice for many bacterial infections
B-lactams
First line choice for many infections
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors
Blocks synthesis of cell wall mucopeptide - bactericidal effect on replicating bacteria
Example of a narrow spectrum penicillin
Benzylpenicillin
Flucloxacillin
Example of a moderate spectrum penicillin
Amoxicillin
Example of a broad spectrum penicillin
Amoxicillin-potassium clauvlanate
Example of an extended spectrum penicillin
Piperacillin
Active to pseudomonas
Penicillin interactions
Anticoagulants Combined oral contraceptives Probenecid Allopurinol Amoxycillin Fluclox
Cephalosporins might be used in what situation
Penicillin allergy
2nd line treatment for infection (soft tissue, bone, joint)
Antibacterial protein synthesis inhibitors
Macrolides
Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines
Lincosamides
Macrolides
Erythromycin (main macrolide)
Roxithromycin
Bind to 50s subunit of ribosome blocking peptide chain
Drug interactions of macrolide a
Inhibit CYP3A4
Warfarin
(Effect on GIT may lead to interactions)
Bacterial DNA synthesis inhibitors
Quinolones/fluroquinolones
Nitroimidazoles
Clindamycin is an example of
Lincosamide
Protein synthesis inhibitor
Ciprofloxacin is a
DNA synthesis inhibitor
Metronidazole is a DNA synthesis inhibitor it’s interactions include
Warfarin
Alcohol
Barbiturates
Drugs that affect bacterial folate synthesis & utilisation
Sulfonamides
Trimethroprim
Cotrimoxazole
Mupirocin
Bactram
Topical
Bacterial protein synthesis inhibitor
Silver sulfadiazine
(Flamazine)
Topical sulphonamide antibiotic with silver
Binds to cell membrane - bactericidal
Common bacterial infections in podiatry
Staphylococcus and streptococcus
(Gram positive)
Pseudomonas (gram neg)
Purulent exudate is not produced in:
Anaerobic or strep infections
Staphylococcus produces what type of purulent exudate
Creamy yellow pus
Fruity smell with green pus
Pseudomonas
Stain is absorbed in gram positive bacteria
What is an example of a gram positive bacteria
S.Aureurs
What does a culture help to determine?
Determining the identification of an organism
Determining if the bacteria is colonised or infected
Contaminated colonised bacteria
Bacteria is present but not multiplying.
Steady state of replication but not causing delayed healing
Critically colonised bacteria
Bacterial burden in the wound bed is increasing, initiates body’s immune response
No longer healing as expected
Infected bacteria
Bacteria present within the wound is multiplying
Associated risk of local and systemic immune response
Painful & may increase in size
Elevated erythrocytes sedimentation & CRP are
Inflammatory markers
What is the effect of high BGL on an infection
Difficult to control & reduced chance of healing
Impetigo infecting organism
Staphylococci and/or streptococci
Bulbous impetigo
Painless blisters 1-2cm diameter
Non-bullous impetigo
Thin walled easily ruptured blisters leaving areas of yellow crusted exudate
Treatment for impetigo
Topical Mupirocin
Ecthyma
Bacterial skin infection extending to the dermis
Ecthyma Infecting organism
Streptococci or pseudomonas aeruginosa
Cellulitis
Acute spreading infection of the skin & connective tissue (usually from trauma creating portal of entry)
Erysipelas
Form of cellulitis involving a lymphatic blockage accompanied by flu like symptoms
Erysipelas infecting organism
Streptococcus pyogenes
Necrostising fasciitis
Serious rapidly progressing bacterial infection of soft tissue & superficial & deep fascia
Cefazolin
Is clinically effective against infections caused by staphylococci and streptococci gram positive bacteria
