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Pharma > Antibacterials > Flashcards

Antibacterials Flashcards

0
Q

Vancomycin

A

Glycopeptide - B-lactam
is effective against gram positive bacteria
Reserved for penicillin reaistance
MRSA

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1
Q

Amoxycillin, flucloxacillin, dicloxacillin, phenoxymethyl are all examples of:

A

Penicillins
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors
First line choice for many bacterial infections

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2
Q

B-lactams

A

First line choice for many infections
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors

Blocks synthesis of cell wall mucopeptide - bactericidal effect on replicating bacteria

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3
Q

Example of a narrow spectrum penicillin

A

Benzylpenicillin

Flucloxacillin

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4
Q

Example of a moderate spectrum penicillin

A

Amoxicillin

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5
Q

Example of a broad spectrum penicillin

A

Amoxicillin-potassium clauvlanate

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6
Q

Example of an extended spectrum penicillin

A

Piperacillin

Active to pseudomonas

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7
Q

Penicillin interactions

A 
Anticoagulants
Combined oral contraceptives
Probenecid
Allopurinol 
Amoxycillin
Fluclox
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8
Q

Cephalosporins might be used in what situation

A

Penicillin allergy

2nd line treatment for infection (soft tissue, bone, joint)

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9
Q

Antibacterial protein synthesis inhibitors

A

Macrolides
Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines
Lincosamides

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10
Q

Macrolides

A

Erythromycin (main macrolide)
Roxithromycin

Bind to 50s subunit of ribosome blocking peptide chain

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11
Q

Drug interactions of macrolide a

A

Inhibit CYP3A4
Warfarin

(Effect on GIT may lead to interactions)

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12
Q

Bacterial DNA synthesis inhibitors

A

Quinolones/fluroquinolones

Nitroimidazoles

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13
Q

Clindamycin is an example of

A

Lincosamide

Protein synthesis inhibitor

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14
Q

Ciprofloxacin is a

A

DNA synthesis inhibitor

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15
Q

Metronidazole is a DNA synthesis inhibitor it’s interactions include

A

Warfarin
Alcohol
Barbiturates

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16
Q

Drugs that affect bacterial folate synthesis & utilisation

A

Sulfonamides
Trimethroprim
Cotrimoxazole

17
Q

Mupirocin

A

Bactram
Topical
Bacterial protein synthesis inhibitor

18
Q

Silver sulfadiazine

A

(Flamazine)
Topical sulphonamide antibiotic with silver
Binds to cell membrane - bactericidal

19
Q

Common bacterial infections in podiatry

A

Staphylococcus and streptococcus
(Gram positive)
Pseudomonas (gram neg)

20
Q

Purulent exudate is not produced in:

A

Anaerobic or strep infections

21
Q

Staphylococcus produces what type of purulent exudate

A

Creamy yellow pus

22
Q

Fruity smell with green pus

A

Pseudomonas

23
Q

Stain is absorbed in gram positive bacteria

What is an example of a gram positive bacteria

A

S.Aureurs

24
Q

What does a culture help to determine?

A

Determining the identification of an organism

Determining if the bacteria is colonised or infected

25
Q

Contaminated colonised bacteria

A

Bacteria is present but not multiplying.

Steady state of replication but not causing delayed healing

26
Q

Critically colonised bacteria

A

Bacterial burden in the wound bed is increasing, initiates body’s immune response
No longer healing as expected

27
Q

Infected bacteria

A

Bacteria present within the wound is multiplying
Associated risk of local and systemic immune response
Painful & may increase in size

28
Q

Elevated erythrocytes sedimentation & CRP are

A

Inflammatory markers

29
Q

What is the effect of high BGL on an infection

A

Difficult to control & reduced chance of healing

30
Q

Impetigo infecting organism

A

Staphylococci and/or streptococci

31
Q

Bulbous impetigo

A

Painless blisters 1-2cm diameter

32
Q

Non-bullous impetigo

A

Thin walled easily ruptured blisters leaving areas of yellow crusted exudate

33
Q

Treatment for impetigo

A

Topical Mupirocin

34
Q

Ecthyma

A

Bacterial skin infection extending to the dermis

35
Q

Ecthyma Infecting organism

A

Streptococci or pseudomonas aeruginosa

36
Q

Cellulitis

A

Acute spreading infection of the skin & connective tissue (usually from trauma creating portal of entry)

37
Q

Erysipelas

A

Form of cellulitis involving a lymphatic blockage accompanied by flu like symptoms

38
Q

Erysipelas infecting organism

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

39
Q

Necrostising fasciitis

A

Serious rapidly progressing bacterial infection of soft tissue & superficial & deep fascia

40
Q

Cefazolin

A

Is clinically effective against infections caused by staphylococci and streptococci gram positive bacteria

Pharma (6 decks)

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