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Spring Pharm Exam 2 > Antibacterial Overview > Flashcards

Antibacterial Overview Flashcards

1
Q

Bacteriostatic

A

stops the growth of the organism and we hope that the immune system takes over

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2
Q

Bacterocidal

A

Kills the organism

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3
Q

Gram Positive Cocci (ex)

A

Strep pneumo
Strep pyogenes
Staph aureus (MSSA - MRSA)

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4
Q

Gram Negative Cocci (ex)

A

Neisseria meningitidis

Neisseria gonorrheae

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5
Q

Gram positive rods (ex)

A

listeria

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6
Q

gram negative rods (ex)

A

E. coli
H. influenzae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
M. catarrhalis

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7
Q

Anaerobes (ex)

A 
Clostridium difficile
Clostridium tetani
Clostridium botulinum
Bacteroides fragilis
H. Pylori
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8
Q

Atypical Organisms (ex)

A

Chlamydia

Mycoplasma

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9
Q

Bacterocidal drugs target:

A

the cell wall, the cell membrane or DNA/RNA synthesis/function

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10
Q

Bacterostatic drugs target:

A 
protein synthesis (cant grow but doesnt die)
Folic acid metabolism
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11
Q

“Natural resistance” means…

A

the microbe lacks the drug’s target in its natural state

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12
Q

“escape resistance” means…

A

microbes are sensitive and the drug reaches the target, but the organism has found a loophole

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13
Q

“Acquired resistance” means…

A

The microbe has produced generations of organisms with traits that minimize drug action. Proper dosing and duration of drug must be met

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14
Q

4 ways to be resistant to a drug

A 
alteration of the target
increasing the efflux learn how to bypass the pathway that is waiting for you
enzymatic degradation (of drug
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15
Q

Bacterocidal agents are preferred in severe infection

A

:)

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16
Q

bacterocidal agents act more quickly and irreversibly

A

:)

17
Q

Bacterocidal agents compensate for immunocompromised patientes

A

:)

18
Q

Bacterocidal agents are required for treatment of infections in locations that are not accessible to immune system

A

endocarditic vegetations, cerebrospinal fluid

19
Q

Readily enter CSF

A

sulfonamides-trimethoprim
3rd/4th generation cephalosporins
Rifampin-metronidazole

20
Q

beneficial accumulation into bone

A

Clindamycin

21
Q

beneficial accumulation into pulmonary cells

A

Macrolides

22
Q

Beneficial accumulation into sebum (acne) and gingiva (peridontitis)

A

Tetracyclines

23
Q

Beneficial accumulation into urine

A

Nitrofurantoin

24
Q

Toxic accumulation in inner ear and renal brush border

A

Aminoglycosides

25
Q

Toxic accumulation into the Ca++ of developing bone and teeth

A

Tetracyclines

26
Q

Drugs that are renally eliminated need to be dosed differently in those with decreased kidney function

A

Monitor their serum creatinine and creatinine clearance

27
Q

Hepatic metabolized drugs can’t be “hepatic dosed” in those patients that have liver dysfunction

A

Be cautious in these cases or use a different drug

28
Q

Drugs you DONT want to use in the hepatic dysfunction patient: DQ-CRIMES

A 
Doxycycline
Quinolones
Clindamycin 
Rifampin
Isoniazid
Metroniadazol
Erythromycin
Sulfonamides
29
Q

Narrow Spectrum means…

A

effective against EITHER gram positive OR gram negative organisms

30
Q

Extended spectrum means…

A

effective against gram positive AND gram negative

31
Q

Broad Spectrum means…

A

effective against: gram positive, gram negative and atypical organisms

32
Q

Acute severe infections should be treated with broad spectrum with targets towards likely pathogens

A

:)

33
Q

Adverse reaction: direct toxicity means…

A

Drug effect on microbes effects host cellular process too. Related to MOA

34
Q

Adverse reaction: Indirect toxicity

A

allergic reactions or hypersensitivity. NOT related to MOA

35
Q

Adverse reaction: disturbance of host flora

A

more commonly associated with broad spectrum drugs

Spring Pharm Exam 2 (8 decks)

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