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PHM Exam 3 > Antibacterial Drugs > Flashcards

Antibacterial Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

sulfisoxazole

A

Intermediary metabolism: sulfonamide
-inhibit dihydropteroate synthase (1st step in folic acid synthetic pathway; PABA used as substrate)
-PABA (acid) required for folic acid synthesis in (most) bacteria
=an alternative substrate: Thymidine and DNA synthesis
-side effect: crystaluria (drug crystal formation in renal tubules), hemolytic anemia (rbc destroyed and removed from blood stream)

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2
Q

sulfamethoxazole

A

Intermediary metabolism: sulfonamide
-inhibit dihydropteroate synthase (1st step in folic acid synthetic pathway; PABA used as substrate)
-PABA (acid) required for folic acid synthesis in (most) bacteria
=an alternative substrate: Thymidine and DNA synthesis
-side effect: crystaluria (drug crystal formation in renal tubules), hemolytic anemia (rbc destroyed and removed from blood stream)

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3
Q

sulfacetamide

A

Intermediary metabolism: sulfonamide
-inhibit dihydropteroate synthase (1st step in folic acid synthetic pathway; PABA used as substrate)
-PABA (acid) required for folic acid synthesis in (most) bacteria
=an alternative substrate: Thymidine and DNA synthesis
-side effect: crystaluria (drug crystal formation in renal tubules), hemolytic anemia (rbc destroyed and removed from blood stream)

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4
Q

mafenide

A

Intermediary metabolism: sulfonamide
-inhibit dihydropteroate synthase (1st step in folic acid synthetic pathway; PABA used as substrate)
-PABA (acid) required for folic acid synthesis in (most) bacteria
=an alternative substrate: Thymidine and DNA synthesis
-side effect: crystaluria (drug crystal formation in renal tubules), hemolytic anemia (rbc destroyed and removed from blood stream)

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5
Q

trimethoprim

A

Intermediary metabolism

  • bind and inhibit dihydrofolate reductase (2nd step for folic acid formation)
  • reduce thymide synthesis (no useful/harmful product)
  • additive effect to sulfonamide (used in combination)
  • gram+ bacteria more sensitive
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6
Q

penicillin

A

Cell wall disruptor: penicillin

  • have beta-lactam ring nucleus
  • inhibit cell wall synthesis/maintenance, bind to specific proteins, bind to specific proteins (PBP=penicillin binding protein), prevents peptidoglycan strand crosslinking, causes osmotic disruption
  • degraded by penicillinases or beta-lactamases of bacterial wall
  • gram+ bacteria sensitive
  • gram- bacteria resistant
  • side effect: hypersensitivity (allergic) reactions, anaphylactic shock, GI upset
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7
Q

methacillin

A

Cell wall disruptor: penicillin
“derivative”
-have beta-lactam ring nucleus (inc GI tract stability, inc penicillinase resistance, inc spectrum of action)
-inhibit cell wall synthesis/maintenance, bind to specific proteins, bind to specific proteins (PBP=penicillin binding protein), prevents peptidoglycan strand crosslinking, causes osmotic disruption
-degraded by penicillinases or beta-lactamases of bacterial wall

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8
Q

oxacillin

A

Cell wall disruptor: penicillin
“derivative”
-have beta-lactam ring nucleus (inc GI tract stability, inc penicillinase resistance, inc spectrum of action)
-inhibit cell wall synthesis/maintenance, bind to specific proteins, bind to specific proteins (PBP=penicillin binding protein), prevents peptidoglycan strand crosslinking, causes osmotic disruption
-degraded by penicillinases or beta-lactamases of bacterial wall

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9
Q

ampicillin

A

Cell wall disruptor: penicillin
“derivative”
-have beta-lactam ring nucleus (inc GI tract stability, inc penicillinase resistance, inc spectrum of action)
-inhibit cell wall synthesis/maintenance, bind to specific proteins, bind to specific proteins (PBP=penicillin binding protein), prevents peptidoglycan strand crosslinking, causes osmotic disruption
-degraded by penicillinases or beta-lactamases of bacterial wall

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10
Q

amoxicillin

A

Cell wall disruptor: penicillin
“derivative”
-have beta-lactam ring nucleus (inc GI tract stability, inc penicillinase resistance, inc spectrum of action)
-inhibit cell wall synthesis/maintenance, bind to specific proteins, bind to specific proteins (PBP=penicillin binding protein), prevents peptidoglycan strand crosslinking, causes osmotic disruption
-degraded by penicillinases or beta-lactamases of bacterial wall

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11
Q

ticaricillin

A

Cell wall disruptor: penicillin
“derivative”
-have beta-lactam ring nucleus (inc GI tract stability, inc penicillinase resistance, inc spectrum of action)
-inhibit cell wall synthesis/maintenance, bind to specific proteins, bind to specific proteins (PBP=penicillin binding protein), prevents peptidoglycan strand crosslinking, causes osmotic disruption
-degraded by penicillinases or beta-lactamases of bacterial wall

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12
Q

clavulunate

A

Cell wall disruptor: penicillin
“additive”
-not active antibacterial compounds; additive to penicillins
-inhibit penicillinase (inc spectrum of drug action, inc activity of drug action)

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13
Q

sulbactam

A

Cell wall disruptor: penicillin
“additive”
-not active antibacterial compounds; additive to penicillins
-inhibit penicillinase (inc spectrum of drug action, inc activity of drug action)

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14
Q

cefazolin

A

Cell wall disruptor: cephalosporin

  • contain beta-lactam ring (as penicillin)
  • mechanism of action same as penicillins
  • side effect: bone marrow depression, allergic reactions (anaphylactic shock)
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15
Q

cefoxitin

A

Cell wall disruptor: cephalosporin

  • contain beta-lactam ring (as penicillin)
  • mechanism of action same as penicillins
  • side effect: bone marrow depression, allergic reactions (anaphylactic shock)
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16
Q

cefepime

A

Cell wall disruptor: cephalosporin

  • contain beta-lactam ring (as penicillin)
  • mechanism of action same as penicillins
  • side effect: bone marrow depression, allergic reactions (anaphylactic shock)
17
Q

cefazolin

A

Cell wall disruptor: cephalosporin

  • contain beta-lactam ring (as penicillin)
  • mechanism of action same as penicillins
  • side effect: bone marrow depression, allergic reactions (anaphylactic shock)
18
Q

cephalexin

A

Cell wall disruptor: cephalosporin

  • contain beta-lactam ring (as penicillin)
  • mechanism of action same as penicillins
  • side effect: bone marrow depression, allergic reactions (anaphylactic shock)
19
Q

cefotaxime

A

Cell wall disruptor: cephalosporin

  • contain beta-lactam ring (as penicillin)
  • mechanism of action same as penicillins
  • side effect: bone marrow depression, allergic reactions (anaphylactic shock)
20
Q

cefotaxamine

A

Cell wall disruptor: cephalosporin

  • contain beta-lactam ring (as penicillin)
  • mechanism of action same as penicillins
  • side effect: bone marrow depression, allergic reactions (anaphylactic shock)
21
Q

vancomycin

A

Cell wall disruptor: vancomycin

  • no beta-lactam ring
  • prevents peptidoglycan synthesis (cause osmotic disruption)
  • action against gram+ bacteria
  • side effect: anaphylactic shock, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity
22
Q

erythromycin

A

50S ribosome inhibitor

  • blocks bacterial protein synthesis (inhibits 50S ribosome subunit function)
  • use: similar to penicillin
  • side effect: GI disturbance, liver injury (result of secretion into bile, *cholestatic hepatitis)
23
Q

clindamycin

A

50S ribosome inhibitor

  • blocks bacterial protein synthesis (inhibits 50S ribosome subunit function)
  • side effect: colitis and diarrhea (due to GI tract superinfection, may be fatal)
24
Q

tetracycline

A

30S ribosome inhibitor: tetracycline

  • blocks bacterial protein synthesis (inhibits 30S ribosome subunit function)
  • side effect: GI upset, liver damage, superinfection (GI tract), renal damage, vestibular damage
25
Q

doxycycline

A

30S ribosome inhibitor: tetracycline

  • blocks bacterial protein synthesis (inhibits 30S ribosome subunit function)
  • side effect: GI upset, liver damage, superinfection (GI tract), renal damage, vestibular damage
26
Q

demechlorcycline

A

30S ribosome inhibitor: tetracycline

  • blocks bacterial protein synthesis (inhibits 30S ribosome subunit function)
  • side effect: GI upset, liver damage, superinfection (GI tract), renal damage, vestibular damage
27
Q

minocycline

A

30S ribosome inhibitor: tetracycline

  • blocks bacterial protein synthesis (inhibits 30S ribosome subunit function)
  • side effect: GI upset, liver damage, superinfection (GI tract), renal damage, vestibular damage
28
Q

streptomycin

A

30S ribosome inhibitors: aminoglycoside

  • gram- more sensitive
  • blocks bacterial protein synthesis (inhibits 30S ribosome subunit function)
  • side effect: deafness and vestibular problems, renal toxicity, skeletal muscle weakness (NMJ blockade)
29
Q

neomycin

A

30S ribosome inhibitors: aminoglycoside

  • gram- more sensitive
  • blocks bacterial protein synthesis (inhibits 30S ribosome subunit function)
  • side effect: deafness and vestibular problems, renal toxicity, skeletal muscle weakness (NMJ blockade)
30
Q

kanamycin

A

30S ribosome inhibitors: aminoglycoside

  • gram- more sensitive
  • blocks bacterial protein synthesis (inhibits 30S ribosome subunit function)
  • side effect: deafness and vestibular problems, renal toxicity, skeletal muscle weakness (NMJ blockade)
31
Q

gentamycin

A

30S ribosome inhibitors: aminoglycoside

  • gram- more sensitive
  • blocks bacterial protein synthesis (inhibits 30S ribosome subunit function)
  • side effect: deafness and vestibular problems, renal toxicity, skeletal muscle weakness (NMJ blockade)
32
Q

tobramycin

A

30S ribosome inhibitors: aminoglycoside

  • gram- more sensitive
  • blocks bacterial protein synthesis (inhibits 30S ribosome subunit function)
  • side effect: deafness and vestibular problems, renal toxicity, skeletal muscle weakness (NMJ blockade)
33
Q

linezolid

A

30S ribosome inhibitor

  • blocks bacterial protein synthesis (inhibits 30S ribosome subunit function)
  • broad spectrum
34
Q

nalidixic acid

A

DNA maintenance inhibition: quinolones

  • inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis by targeting bacterial DNA topoisomerase
  • broad spectrum
  • side effect: cartilage erosion (improper cartilage and bone formation), not used in children of pregnant women, nephrotoxicity (crystaluria), GI tract
35
Q

cinoxacin

A

DNA maintenance inhibition: quinolones

  • inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis by targeting bacterial DNA topoisomerase
  • broad spectrum
  • side effect: cartilage erosion (improper cartilage and bone formation), not used in children of pregnant women, nephrotoxicity (crystaluria), GI tract
36
Q

norfloxacin

A

DNA maintenance inhibition: quinolones

  • inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis by targeting bacterial DNA topoisomerase
  • broad spectrum
  • side effect: cartilage erosion (improper cartilage and bone formation), not used in children of pregnant women, nephrotoxicity (crystaluria), GI tract
37
Q

ciprofloxacin

A

DNA maintenance inhibition: quinolones

  • inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis by targeting bacterial DNA topoisomerase
  • broad spectrum
  • side effect: cartilage erosion (improper cartilage and bone formation), not used in children of pregnant women, nephrotoxicity (crystaluria), GI tract

PHM Exam 3 (5 decks)

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