Anti/pro social behavior's Flashcards
factors influencing antisocial behaviour
diffusion of responsibility
audience inhibition
social influence
cost–benefit analysis
groupthink
Bystander effect
Bystander effect: the bystander becomes aware of a potential emergency but may decide to not act because the event might not be an emergency after all, and they do not want to risk embar. rising themselves in front of others. Or, what if the bystander’s offer to help is rejected and they are left feeling like a fool?
audience inhibition
Audience inhibition: failure to intervene in an emergency in the presence of others due to fear of being negatively judged. The more people present, the greater the risk of audience inhibition.
Social influences
Social influences: When a bystander is unsure of how to behave in an emergency, they will look to fellow bystanders for cues on how to act. This process is known as social influence and explains why inactive bystanders inhibit the helping of others and believe that if others are not intervening in this situation, then it must not be an emergency. Emergencies tend to be ambiguous situations for people who have not experienced them before, therefore most bystanders will not know the appropriate action to take resulting in no bystanders intervening.
Diffusion of responsibility
Diffusion of responsibility: a reduction in personal responsibility when in a group, resulting in the individual being less likely to act. Personal responsibility is divided amongst the bystanders therefore the more people witnessing an event, the less likely any of the bystanders will act.
Cost-benefit analyses
The cost-benefit analysis is the psychological process of weighing up the benefit of performing a behaviour, with the potential cost of the behaviour. As previously mentioned, the bystander may feel embarrassed if they misinterpreted the situation as an emergency and intervened. Putting themselves at risk to help someone else is also a cost to consider. Additionally, the bystander may feel guilty or ashamed for not helping.
Bullying as an example of antisocial behaviour
Bullying the purposeful use of a difference in power to repeatedly cause physical, psycho. logical or social harm. Bullying is not a single episode but is repeated behaviour and can occur through social media apps (such as Snapchat), online or in person.
Pro-social behaviour
voluntary actions that promote social acceptance and benefit society and its members.
Factors influencing pro social behaviour:
Reciprocity principle: the social norm where a person feels obligated to return the favour to a person that does something for them.
Reciprocity concerning the exchange of helpful behaviour between people is related to altruism. In this case, there is no expectation of a returned favour due to the assumption that the person being helped would do the same thing for them.
Social responsibility: the theory that individuals are accountable for acting in a way that benefits society.
Individuals with a higher level of social responsibility perform more pro-social behaviours than those with lower levels of social responsibility.
Personal characteristics of someone engaging in pro social behaviour
Empathy: the ability to sense and share the thoughts or feelings of another person. Individuals that can empathise with an individual in distress are more likely to act pro-socially in response because they can view the perspective of the other person.
Mood: When an individual is experiencing a low mood, they are less likely to help others an individual is in a positive mood, one theory suggests that they carry out pro-social behaviours to maintain it (known as ‘the feel-good, do-good effect ).
Competence: There is a positive correlation between the competence someone feels, and the way they positively impact others. An individual the believes the can help others is more likely to do so
altruistic behaviour/ Altruism
Altruism: helping others without expecting a personal reward. altruistic behaviour is unselfish and may result in the person helping by putting themselves at risk or paying a cost. The more empathy felt by an individual the more likely they are to display altruistic behaviour.
Helping as an example of prosocial behaviour
Helping: voluntary actions that benefit others.
One theory is that people are more likely to help others they find similar to themselves (especially close relatives) to strengthen the gene pool and increase the chances that future generations will survive.
Helping others can be for altruistic reasons, such as feeling empathy for another person.
Personal benefits including an increase in their own positive mood, self image, or the hope that the person being helped reciprocates the behaviour in the future.
Helping behaviour can be taught to young children and reinforced throughout
childhood.
