Anti-microbials I Flashcards
Key structural features of bacteria that serve as anti-bacterial targets (5)
CELL WALL - thick gram pos, thin gram neg PEPTIDOGLYCAN LPS CYTOPLASMIC MEMBRANE CYTOPLASM
Gram Negative Factors influencing antibiotic action (4)
LPS
Lipid bilayer
Hydrophilic pores
Nutrient receptor proteins
Gram positive factors influencing antibiotic action (3)
Teichoic and Teichuronic acid
Lipid Bilayer
Nutreitn transport proteins
Bactericidal and Bacteriostatic quality can be based on?
DOSING
Prophylactic therapy
tx in absence of infection to prevent disease
Pre-emptive therapy
tx of HIGH RISK patients that are infected but asymptomatic
Empirical therapy
tx of symptomatic patient without further testing or confirmation
definitive therapy
tx after organism has been identified with the APPROPRIATE DRUG
Suppressive therapy
low dose as a secondary prophylaxis
UTI’s with women and a hx of UTI’s
ESKAPE bacteria
important quality?
Enterococcus faecium Staphy aureus Klebsiella pneumoniae Acinetobacter baumannii Pseudomonas aeruginosa Enterobacter
ANTIBACTERIAL RESISTANCE IS COMMON
Resistance - Reduced Drug entry into organism - drug?
DAPTOMYCIN
Daptomycin resistance associated with what change?
CHANGE IN MEMBRANE CHARGE
REPELS THE ANTIBIOTIC
Resistance - Increased drug export - drug?
TETRACYCLINE
Tetracycline resistance specifically associated with?
EXPRESSION EFFLUX PUMP
COmmon organism with efflux pump
N. gonorrhoeae
E. coli
S. pneumoniae
P. aeruginosa
Resistance - changes in enzyme expression that active prodrug - drug?
METRONIDAZOLE
Metronidazole resistance associated with mutation in?
rdxA GENE - alters or decreases activation of drug
Resistance - expression of enzyme that destroys the drug - drugs? (2)
AMINOGLYCOSIDES
AMOXICILLIN (beta-lactam)
Aminoglycosides associated with?
MODIFYING ENZYMES
Amoxicillin mechanism resistance?
BETA-LACTAMASES
render the compounds ineffective
Resistance - impaired drug binding - drugs (2)?
TRIMETHOPRIM
SULFONAMIDES
Resistance - development of new or different pathways NOT INHIBITED BY DRUG - drug?
VANCOMYCIN
Vancomycin resistance associated with?
SUBSTITUTION ON PEPTIDOGLYCAN STEM
VANCOMYCIN CAN NO LONGER BIND TO ITS TARGET