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Unit 2 drugs > Anti-Malarials > Flashcards

Anti-Malarials Flashcards

1
Q

Quinine

Mech
Tx
Side eff

A

Accumulate in parasite’s food vacuole, disrupt heme polymerization to hemozoin, yielding oxidative damage to membranes and digestive proteases

Prophylaxis, treatment of acute malarial attacks

Cinchonism, hypotension, hypoglycemia, abortion, arrhythmias

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2
Q

Chloroquine

Mech
Tx
Side eff

A

Accumulate in parasite’s food vacuole, disrupt heme polymerization to hemozoin, yielding oxidative damage to membranes and digestive proteases

Prophylaxis, treatment of acute malarial attacks

Itching (Africans), retinitis (rare

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3
Q

Hydroxychloroquine

Mech
Tx
Side eff

A

Accumulate in parasite’s food vacuole, disrupt heme polymerization to hemozoin, yielding oxidative damage to membranes and digestive proteases

Prophylaxis, treatment of acute malarial attacks

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4
Q

Mefloquine

Mech
Tx
Side eff

A

Accumulate in parasite’s food vacuole, disrupt heme polymerization to hemozoin, yielding oxidative damage to membranes and digestive proteases

Prophylaxis, treatment of acute malarial attacks

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5
Q

Primaquine

Mech
Tx
Side eff

A

Only drug that inhibits exoerythrocytic schyzogony

Forms quinolone-quinone intermediates that oxidize schizont membranes

Prophylaxis, treatment of acute malarial attacks

Hemolysis (G6PD), methemoglobinemia

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6
Q

Amantadine

Mech
Tx
Side eff

A

Positive charge helps chloroquine overcome chloroquine-resistant malaria vacuoles; point mutations against amantadine return bacteria to chloroquine-sensitivity

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7
Q

Artesunate

Mech
Tx
Side eff

A

Specifically and selectively inhibit SERCA of P. falciparum

Neurotoxicity, prolongation of QT interval

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8
Q

Artemether

Mech
Tx
Side eff

A

Specifically and selectively inhibit SERCA of P. falciparum

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9
Q

Lumefantrine

Mech
Tx
Side eff

A

Used in combination w/artemether (called Coartem)

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10
Q

Atovaquone

Mech
Tx
Side eff

A

Depolarizes parasitic mitochondria and inhibits their electron transport

Used in combination w/choloroguanide

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11
Q

Chloroguanide

Mech
Tx
Side eff

A

Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors (human and parasite pathway)

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12
Q

Tetracycline

Mech
Tx
Side eff

A

Severe malaria & chloroquine-resistant uncomplicated malaria

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13
Q

Clindamycin

Mech
Tx
Side eff

A

Severe malaria & chloroquine-resistant uncomplicated malaria

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14
Q

Doxycycline

Mech
Tx
Side eff

A

Severe malaria & chloroquine-resistant uncomplicated malaria

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Unit 2 drugs (6 decks)

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