Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology 4 > Anti-Infectives 2 > Flashcards

Anti-Infectives 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the carbapenam examples?

A

Imipenem

Meropenem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does imipenem come with? What is the significance?

A

Cilastatin– decreases the nephrotoxicity but does not increase the spectrum of coverage

“guerillacillin”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Spectrum of carbapenams?

A

Broad spectrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is cilastatin?

A

Dihydropeptidase inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Caution with what and carbapenams?

A
  • Cross-Sensitivity with PCN & cephalosporins

- Lowers seizure threshold (less likely with Meropenem)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What class is Vancomycin?

A

Its owl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the spectrum for vancomycin?

A

Gram positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Caution with Vancomycin?

A

Nephrotoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why restricted use?

A

VERSA – and right now its our MRSA DOC so don’t want to build up resistance!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Philicity of Vancomycin?

A

Hydrophilic, so limited to local action (good for C. Diff)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 3 macrolides??

A

Erythromycin
Clarithromycin
Azithromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do macrolides work?

A

Concentrate intracellularly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Macrolide coverage?

A

Various gram positive and gram negative, plus atypicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is an atypical bug? Examples?

A

Replicate intracellularly– legionella, mycobacterium, chlamydia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Allergies with Macrolides?

A

Rare, usually only reports of GI upset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What macrolide is best for H. flu?

A

Clarithromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Side effect of clarithromycin?

A

Metallic taste, so take it with chocolate :)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is special with azithromycin?

A

Long half life, excellent tissue penetration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How do you take a Z-PAK?

A

500 mg PO Day 1
250mg PO x 4 days

Gives you 3 weeks of therapeutic drug levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What should you give HIV patients?

A

CD4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does the pneumococcal vaccine cover?

A

Streptococcus pneumonias

Gram positive, most common CAP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Tetracyclines coverage?

A

Gram negative
Gram positve
Weird bugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are some weird bugs covered by tetracyclines?

A

Tick born diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the tetracycline drugs?

A

Tetracycline
Doxycycline
Minocycline

25
Q

Issue with tetracycline drugs?

A

High level of plasmid-mediated resistance

26
Q

Avoid what with tetracycline drugs?

A

chelating agents–

MVI, antacid, milk, iron

Space them 2 hours apart

27
Q

Any cautions with tetracyclines?

A

Not in pregnant females or children under 8- binds calcium and streaks of yellow on teeth

28
Q

What is side effect of tetracyclines?

A

photosensitivity

29
Q

What is the issue with outdated tetracyclines?

A

Cause a fanconi-like syndrome (renal damage)

30
Q

What is the most used tetracycline?

A

Doxycycline- most potent and well tolerated

31
Q

What is DOC for Lyme disease?

A

Doxycycline

32
Q

What is minocycline used for?

A

Anti-inflammatory
Acne
RA

33
Q

What is the father of fluoroquinolones? What does it cover?

A

Ciprofloxacin

Gram negative coverage, even Pseudomonas aeurogenosa PO!

Bad Gram positive coverage

34
Q

What is ciprofloxacin similar to?

A

Extended spectrum PCNs

35
Q

What fluoroquinolones cover gram positive bugs?

A

Levofloxican
Ofloxacin

(they are isomers)

Good for community acquired infections (strep pneumo)

36
Q

How do fluoroquinolones work?

A

Bind to and inhibit DNA gyrase (similar to chemo!)

37
Q

Norfloxacin concentrates where, and the significance of this?

A

Kidney only, so use to treat UTIs

38
Q

Ofloxacin provides better Gram ___ coverage than ciprofloxacin but has limited ___ coverage.

A

Gram positive

Pseudomonas aeuroginosa coverage

39
Q

Avoid what 3 things with fluoroquinolone?

A
  • chelating agents
  • pregnancy
  • children under 18
40
Q

What is the a/e of fluoroquinolone?

A

Cartilage & soft tissue malformation

Tendon ruptures! don’t give to athletes

41
Q

Cost of fluoroqinolones?

A

EXPENSIVE!

42
Q

What is Bactrim?

A

Trimethoprim

Sulfamethoxazole

43
Q

What does Bactrim interrupt?

A

PABA –> Folinic Acid

Folinic acid is necessary to make DNA

Works like Mehthotrexate

44
Q

Bactrim coverage?

A

Gram positive, Gram negative

NO COVERAGE of anaerobes or PA

45
Q

Bactrim is similar to what drug class?

A

2nd generation cephalosporins

Macrolides (but they do atypical unlike Bactrim)

46
Q

Bactrim is commonly used to treat what?

A

Uncomplicated UTIs

47
Q

IV dosing of Bactrim is based on what?

A

Trimethoprim content

48
Q

Bactrim and pregnancy?

A

C- do not use in kids under 2- kernicterus (mental retardation due to bilirubin displacement from SMX)

49
Q

What is key about Bactrim?

A

Highly PPB, it displaces bilirubin

50
Q

A/E of bilirubin?

A

Rash (watch for SJS)

Photosensitivity

51
Q

What ABX for SJS propylaxis?

A

One that covers Staph & strep *** figure out answer

52
Q

Metronidazole covers what? (3)

A

Anaerobic organisms
Protozoas
Trichomoniasis

53
Q

What did metronidazole use to be DOC for?

A

C. diff

54
Q

Best administration of metronidazole?

A

PO- excellent absorption

55
Q

Avoid what with metronidazole??

A

ALL alcohol- it inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase and causes accumulation of aceta aldehyde

56
Q

What is the metronidazole and alcohol interaction called?

A

Disulfiram reaction- nausea/vomiting and flushing

57
Q

What is the DOC for community acquired MRSA?

A

Bactrim

-not as serious as nosocomial, just a skin/skin reaction

58
Q

What are the 2 adverse effects of metronidazole?

A

metallic taste

brown urine discoloration

59
Q

what was the original date rape drug?

A

cholorohydrate

Pharmacology 4 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions