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Sys Pharmaco CVS > Anti-Hypertensives: Vasodilators > Flashcards

Anti-Hypertensives: Vasodilators Flashcards

1
Q

Vasodilators types?

A
  1. Organic Nitrates
  2. Nitroprusside
  3. Alpha Blockers
  4. Sildenafil
  5. Hydralazine
  6. Minoxidil
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2
Q

Organic Nitrates drugs?

A
  • Eg. GTN

* Oral, Sublingual, Transdermal

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3
Q

Organic Nitrates mechanism of action?

A

• NO2- release, ↑ NO release, ↑ cGMP activity, ↓ MLCK activity, ↓ MLC phosphorylated

= leading to vasodilation

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4
Q

Organic Nitrates Side Effects & Contraindications?

A
  • Do not use with sildenafil, excessive NO activity
  • Reflex tachycardia (consider giving β blockers)
  • Headache, Hypotension, Syncope
  • Tachyphylaxis due to decreased GSH levels
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5
Q

Nitroprusside drugs?

A

• IV administration

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6
Q

Nitroprusside mechanism of action?

A

• Broken down to release NO, ↑ cGMP activity, ↓ MLCK activity, ↓ MLC phosphorylated

= leading to vasodilation

ALMOST SAME AS NITRATES

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7
Q

Nitroprusside Side Effects & Contraindications?

A

May be broken down to release CN and is therefore toxic

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8
Q

Alpha Blockers drugs?

A

• Prazosin

  • Can be used for BPH with Hypertension, as urinary sphincter under Alpha-1 control
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9
Q

Alpha Blockers mechanism of action?

A

• Block alpha receptors leading to vascular dilation

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10
Q

Alpha Blockers Side Effects & Contraindications?

A

• Headache and dizziness

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11
Q

Sildenafil drugs USED FOR?

A

• Used for ED and pulmonary hypertension

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12
Q

Sildenafil mechanism of action?

A

• ↑ NO formation, ↑ cGMP activity by inhibiting PDE5, ↑ MLCK inactivation leading to vasodilation

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13
Q

Sildenafil Side Effects & Contraindications?

A

• Do not use with GTN for excessive NO activity

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14
Q

Hydralazine drugs?

A

• Often combined with GTN

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15
Q

Hydralazine mechanism of action?

A

• ↑ cGMP, ↑ MLCK inactivation causing vasodilation

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16
Q

Hydralazine Side Effects & Contraindications?

A
  • Reflex tachycardia

* Headache & Dizziness

17
Q

Minoxidil drugs?

A

• Secondary use to relieve male pattern

baldness

18
Q

Minoxidil mechanism of action?

A

• ↑ K+ channel inhibiting muscular contraction

19
Q

Minoxidil Side Effects & Contraindications?

A
  • Reflex tachycardia
  • Headache & Dizziness
  • Increased fluid retention leading to dilution of blood with lowered haematocrit

Sys Pharmaco CVS (8 decks)

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