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YL7 Pharma Compre > Anti-hypertensives > Flashcards

Anti-hypertensives Flashcards

1
Q

examples of beta blockers

A

propanolol, atenolol, metoprolol

metoprolol is best

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2
Q

moa of beta blockers

A

cardioselective: only b1
non cardioselective: b1 and b2

b1 = reduces heart rate
b2 = promotes bronchoconstriction
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3
Q

common side effect/contraindication for beta blocker

A
  • se: bradycardia
  • contraindicated in patients with asthma and copd
  • contraindicated for patients with heart blocks
  • contraindicated for metabolic syndrome or diabetes
  • contraindicated in elderly and athletes
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4
Q

moa of potassium sparing diuretics

A
  • spironolactone: antagonizes action of aldosterone

- triamterene and amiloride: inhibit na-k exchange by blocking enac

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5
Q

moa of loop diuretics

A
  • acts on na-k-2 cl symporter in the thick ascending limb of loop of henle –> inhibits reabsorption of ions
  • furosemide
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6
Q

moa of thiazide diuretics

A
  • inhibitors of na/cl symporter which act on the distal convoluted tubules, leading to enhanced nacl excretion
  • hydrochlorothiazide
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7
Q

contraindication for thiazide diuretics

A
  • hyperuricemia –> gout
  • metabolic syndrome, glucose intolerance
  • pregnancy
  • can cause hyponatremia, hypercalcemia, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia
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8
Q

moa of alpha-2 agonists

A
  • cns depression of adrenergic function
  • promotes vasodilation by acting on a-receptors in the medulla –> inhibit adrenergic outflow from the brainstem –> decrease bp
  • effects: hypotension, bradycardia, vasodilation
  • clonidine
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9
Q

side effects of alpha 2 agonists

A
  • clonidine: rebound hypertension, zerostomia, stroke (ONLY FOR HPN EMERGENCIES!)
  • methyldopa: orthostatic hypotension
  • sedation and bradycardia in patients with sa nodal abnormality
  • sodium and water retention = edema and weight gain

ABS CBM
A-AGONIST BRADYCARDIA SEDATION CLONIDINE PREGNANCY B METHYLDOPA

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10
Q

moa of acei, angiotensin II receptor blockers, and renin antagonists

A
  • block effects of RAA system
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11
Q

side effects of acei/arb/renin antagonists

A
  • hyperkalemia (inhibit aldosterone)
  • dry cough, angioedema
  • contraindication: bilateral renal artery stenosis, pregnancy
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12
Q

acei and arbs are good combinations with ___

A

hctz

  • balance each other out (hypo/hyerkalemia)
  • dyslipidemia: dont give thiazide, just give losartan (arb) and amlodipine (ccb)
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13
Q

first line hypertensies

A

thiazides
arbs
acei
ccb

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YL7 Pharma Compre (14 decks)

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