Anti-HTN

Question 1

Classes of drugs

Answer 1

Vasodilator, Angiotensin blockers

Question 2

Vasodilator

Answer 2

K+ channel opener

Question 3

K+ channel opener

Answer 3

Minoxidil

Question 4

MoA of Minoxidil

Answer 4

Opens K+ channel –> K+ efflux –> hyperpolarization –> Ca channel doesn’t open –> no active myosin-LCK –> no phosphorylation of myosin light chain –> no contraction => arteriolar dilation (no venous dilation)

Question 5

SE of minoxidil (K+ channel opener)

Answer 5

Reflex SNS stimulation, Na/H2O retention

Question 6

Angiotensin blockers

Answer 6

ACE inhibitors, Ang II Type 1 (AT1) blockers

Question 7

ACE-I

Answer 7

“-prils” such as Captopril, perindopril, enalapril, ramipril

Question 8

MoA of ACE-I

Answer 8

Inhibit ACE –> X conversion of Ang1 to Ang2
X vasoconstriction = X peripheral resistance + No aldosterone = X Na/H2O retention –> decreased BP

ACE-inhibitors also prevent inactivation of bradykinin, causing accumulation –> formation of nitric oxide and thus vasodilation –> decreased TPR, decreased BP

Question 9

SE of ACE-I

Answer 9

Severe hypotension, acute renal failure, dry cough (bradykinin), angioedema

Question 10

AT1 blocker

Answer 10

“-sartans” — losartan, valsartan, irbesaratan

Question 11

MoA of AT1 blocker

Answer 11

Prevents AngII from binding to AT1 receptor –> decreased BP

Question 12

SE of AT1 blocker

Answer 12

Less of a dry cough due to no bradykinin accumulation