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INDE > Anti-fungals, anti-parasitics, and Immune drugs > Flashcards

Anti-fungals, anti-parasitics, and Immune drugs Flashcards

1
Q

amphotericin B

A

Sub-class: Polyenes

Mechanism: causes membrane permeability pores

Adverse effects: nephrotoxicity, fever, chills

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2
Q

caspofungin

A

Sub-class: Echinocandins

Mechanism: inhibits beta-glucan synthase required for cell wall

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3
Q

flucanozole

A

Sub-class: Azoles

Mechanism: inhibits ergosterol biosynthesis (membrane sterol) binds 14-alpha-demethylase, CYP inhibitors including CYP3A4

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4
Q

voriconazole

A

Mechanism: inhibits ergosterol biosynthesis

Adverse effects: transient visual disturbance

Note: both voriconazole and fluconazole are CYP inhibitors including CYP3A4 so there are plenty of drug-drug interactions. binds 14-alpha-demethylase

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5
Q

flucytosine

A

Mechanism: forms fluorouracil in cell and inhibits thymidylate synthetase and DNA syn.

Adverse effects: rare bone marrow depression

Note: not usually used alone: due to rapid resistance

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6
Q

terbinafine

A

Mechanism: inhibits squalene epoxidase which is on the pathway to lanosterol and ergosterol

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7
Q

anakinra

A

Mechanism: recombinant version of an endogenous IL1 receptor antagonist

Use: used to treat rheumatoid arthritis

Adverse effects: increased risk of infection

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8
Q

aspirin

A

Mechanism: non-specific COX inhibitor, causes covalent inactivation of COX

Adverse effects: GI ulceration-bleeding, rare nephrotoxicity

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9
Q

cyclosporin

A

Related drug: tacrilomus

Mechanism: binds cyclophillin and inhibits calcineurin and NFAT activation

Adverse effects: nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, hypertension

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10
Q

etanercept

A

Related drugs: Adalimumab, Infliximab (these are mABs against TNF)

Mechanism: decoy receptor for TNFa (works like a mAB)

Adverse effects: injection site reactions

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11
Q

ibuprofen

A

Related drug: naproxen

Mechanism: non-specific COX inhibitor

Adverse effects: nephrotoxicity, some GI toxicity

Note: naproxen has a longer t1/2 than ibuprofen

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12
Q

methotrexate

A

Mechanism: part of inflammatory effect due to enzyme inhibition that leads to high levels of extracellular adenosine and adenosine receptor activation, also a DHFR reductase inhibitor used in cancer chemo

Adverse effects: bone marrow depression

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13
Q

mycophenolate mofetil

A

Immune drug

Mechanism: inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase and GTP synthesis

Adverse effects: bone marrow suppression

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14
Q

prednisone

A

Mechanism: GR dependent changes in gene expression and cell signaling lead to inhibition of leukotriene and prostaglandin synthesis, inhibition of leukocyte function and leukocyte trafficking

Adverse effects: toxicities if used chronically: e.g. osteoporosis, muscle wasting, diabetes, adrenal suppression

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15
Q

rituximab

A

Mechanism: mAb that binds CD20 on B cells and mediates lysis

Adverse effects: anemia and neutropenia

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16
Q

sirolimus

A

Immune drug

Mechanism: binds FKBP-12 and inhibits mTOR, T cell proliferation

Adverse effects: increases cholesterol, triglycerides, bone marrow suppression, hepatotox

17
Q

metronidazole

A

anti-protozoal

MOA: forms intermediates which then destroy DNA

AE’s: headache, peripheral neuropathy, alcohol sensitivity

18
Q

chloroquine

A

anti-protozoal

MOA: prevents heme polymerization to hemozoin and detoxification

AE’s: GI distress, skin rash, headaches

19
Q

artemisinins

A

anti-protozoal

MOA: uncertain: metabolized to toxic free radicals

AE’s: GI distress

20
Q

quinine

A

anti-protozoal

MOA: uncertain: may act similar to chloroquine

AE’s: GI distress, headache, vertigo, blurred vision

21
Q

atovaquone

A

anti-protozoal

MOA: disrupts mitochondrial electron transport

AE’s: GI distress

22
Q

pyrimethamine/proguanil

A

anti-protozoal

MOA: inhibits protozoal DHFR

23
Q

albendazole

A

anti-helminthic

MOA: inhibition of microtubule assembly

AE’s: leukopenia w/ prolonged use

24
Q

ivermectin

A

anti-helminthic

MOA: increases GABA mediated inhibition and causes immobilization

AE’s: reaction to dying worms

25
Q

mebendazole

A

anti-helminthic

MOA: inhibits microtubule synthesis

AE’s: GI distress

26
Q

praziquantel

A

anti-helminthic

MOA: increases membrane permeability to calcium –> paralysis

INDE (4 decks)

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