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INDE > Anti-bacterial list - Week 1 > Flashcards

Anti-bacterial list - Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

amoxicillin

A

Class: B-lactam.

Mechanism: cell wall synthesis inhibitor: beta-lactam.

Adverse effects: Allergic reaction.

Related: ampicillin, piperacillin, ticarcillin.

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2
Q

cefazolin

A

Class: B-lactam.

Mechanism: cell wall synthesis inhibitor: beta-lactam.

Adverse effects: Allergic reaction.

Related: cephalexin

Note: 1st gen cephalosporin.

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3
Q

ceftaroline

A

Class: B-lactam.

Mechanism: cell wall synthesis inhibitor: beta-lactam.

Adverse effects: Allergic reaction.

Related: cefepime

Note: 4/5th generation cephalosporins; ceftaroline approved for MRSA

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4
Q

ceftriaxone

A

Class: B-lactam.

Mechanism: cell wall synthesis inhibitor: beta-lactam.

Adverse effects: Allergic reaction.

Related: cefotaxime, ceftazamide.

Note: 3rd generation cephalosporin

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5
Q

clavulanic acid

A

Class: Inhibitor of beta-lactamase.

Note: No anti-biotic effect on its own.

Related: sulbactam, tazobactam

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6
Q

nafcillin

A

Class: B-lactam.

Mechanism: cell wall synthesis inhibitor: beta-lactam.

Adverse effects: Allergic reaction.

Note: Resistant to penicillinase.

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7
Q

meropenem

A

Class: B-lactam.

Mechanism: cell wall synthesis inhibitor: beta-lactam.

Adverse effects: Allergic reaction. Seizure w/ carbapenams.

Related: (carbapenems): imipenem-cilastin, ertapenem, aztreonam (monobactam=aztreonam)

Note: resistant to most beta-lactamases, cilastin inhibits renal metab. of imipenem

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8
Q

penicillin G

A

Class: B-lactam.

Mechanism: cell wall synthesis inhibitor: beta-lactam.

Adverse effects: Allergic reaction.

Related: Penicillin V

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9
Q

vancomycin

A

Class: B-lactam.

Mechanism: cell wall synthesis inhibitor: blocks transglycosylation and elongation of peptidoglycan chain

Adverse effects: “red man syndrome” flushing caused by rapid iv administration

Note: MRSA active, oral for C.diff.

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10
Q

beta-lactams

A

amoxicillin, cefazolin, ceftaroline, ceftriaxone, nafcillin, meropenem, penicillin G.

Vancomycin: blocks transglycosylation (other’s block transpeptidase)

clavulanic acid: beta-lactamase inhibitor

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11
Q

chloramphenicol

A

Class: protein synthesis inhibitors

Mechanism: protein synthesis inhibitor, 50S

Adverse effects: bone marrow depression, aplastic anemia

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12
Q

clindamycin

A

Class: protein synthesis inhibitors

Mechanism: protein synthesis inhibitor, 50S

Adverse effects: superinfection

Note: MRSA active

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13
Q

doxycycline/tetracyclines

A

Class: protein synthesis inhibitors

Mechanism: protein synthesis inhibitor, 30S

Adverse effects: incorporates into teeth and bones, photosensitive.

Related: minocycline, tigecycline

Note: some tetracyclines (e.g. doxycycline and tigecycline) are MRSA active

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14
Q

erythromycin macrolides

A

Class: protein synthesis inhibitors

Mechanism: protein synthesis inhibitor, 50S

Adverse effects: epigastric distress

Related: azithromycin, clarithromycin

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15
Q

gentamicin aminoglycosides

A

Class: protein synthesis inhibitors

Mechanism: protein synthesis inhibitor, 30S

Adverse effects: nephron and oto toxicity

Related: (aminoglycosides): amikacin, tobramycin, streptomycin, neomycin

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16
Q

linezolid

A

Class: protein synthesis inhibitors

Mechanism: protein synthesis inhibitor, 50S

Adverse effects: thrombocytopenia (deficiency of platelets in the blood. This causes bleeding into the tissues, bruising, and slow blood clotting after injury.)

Note: MRSA active

17
Q

pyrazinamide

A

Class: protein synthesis inhibitors

Mechanism: binds ribosomes and interferes w/ translational regulation.

Adverse effects: polyarthralgia and hepatotoxicity.

Note: TB drug

18
Q

30s inhibitors

A

Doxycycline, tetracyclines, minocycline, tigecycline.

Gentamicin aminoglycosides, amikacin, tobramycin, streptomycin, neomycin

19
Q

Cidal anti-biotics

A 
b-lactams 
aminoglycosides
fluoroquinolone
metronidazole 
vancomycin
streptogramins 
daptomycin
20
Q

Static anti-biotics

A 
clindamycin
macrolides
tetracyclines
sulfonamides
trimethoprim
21
Q

B-lactams

A

amoxicillin (ampicillin; (antipseudomonal: piperacillin, ticarcillin))

cefazolin (cephalexin)

ceftaroline (cefepime)

ceftriaxone (cefotaxime, ceftazidime)

nafcillin (dicloxacillin, oxacillin, methicillin)

meropenem ((carbapenems): imipenem-cilastin, ertapenem, aztreonam (monobactam=aztreonam))

penicillin G (penicillin V)

22
Q

Transglycosylation inhibitor (inhibits cell wall synthesis)

A

vancomycin

23
Q

50S inhibitors

A

chloramphenicol

clindamycin

erythromycin macrocodes (azithromycin, clarithromycin)

linezolid

24
Q

TB drugs

A

Rifampin (rifabutin)
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

25
Q

Folate pathway inhibitors

A

sulfamethoxazole
(sulfisoxazole, sulfadiazine)
- inhibits synthesis of dihydrofolic acid in folate pathway

trimethoprim
- inhibitor of DHFR (dihydrofolate reductase) in folate pathway

26
Q

Fluoroquinolone’s

A

ciprofloxacin

moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, gemifloxacin

27
Q

sulfamethoxazole

A

Class: folate pathway inhibitor

Mechanism: inhibits synthesis of dihydrofolic acid in folate pathway

Note: Sulfa + trimeth almost always used together. active against MRSA

28
Q

trimethoprim

A

Class: folate pathway inhibitor

Mechanism: inhibitor of DHFR (dihydrofolate reductase) in folate pathway

Note: Sulfa + trimeth almost always used together. active against MRSA

29
Q

ciprofloxacin

A

Class: fluoroquinolones

Mechanism: DNA gyrase-topoIV inhibitor

Adverse effects: tendonitis, tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, CNS effects, prolong QT

Related: (fluoroquinolones): moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, gemifloxacin

30
Q

daptomycin

A

Mechanism: membrane disrupter

Adverse effects: myopathy

Notes: inactivated by pulmonary surfactants, MRSA active

31
Q

ethambutol

A

Mechanism: inhibits arabinosyltransferases required for synthesis of cell wall component

Adverse effects: visual disturbances

Notes: TB drug

32
Q

isoniazid

A

Mechanism: cell wall: inhibits FAS-II which is required for mycolic acid synthesis

Adverse effects: pyridoxine deficiency(B6), neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity

Notes: TB drug

33
Q

metronidazole

A

Mechanism: forms intermediates which then destroy DNA

Adverse effects: headache, peripheral neuropathy, alcohol sensitivity

Notes: useful for gut anaerobes

34
Q

rifampin

A

Mechanism: RNA polymerase inhibitor

Related: rifabutin

Notes: TB drug, induces drug metabolizing P450s

INDE (4 decks)

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