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GI Fitzy > Anti-diarrheals > Flashcards

Anti-diarrheals Flashcards

1
Q

Which opiates are used to treat diarrhea?

A

Diphenoxylate

Loperamide

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2
Q

What is the MoA of opiates in diarrhea treatment?

A

Activate k and u receptors –> inhibition of cholinergic neurons –> increased transit time –> increased water absorption
Stimulation of 5-HT1or2 receptors on enteric neurons that inhibit water excretion –> constipation

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3
Q

What are some side effects of opiates?

A

Abdominal cramps

Toxic megacolon if administered in patients with severe ulcerative colitis

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4
Q

What are two examples of bile acid binding resins used to treat diarrhea?

A

Cholestyramine

Colestipol

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5
Q

What form of diarrhea do bile acid binding resins treat?

A

Diseases of terminal ileum (Crohn’s) or surgical resection –> malabsorption of bile salts –> colonic secretory diarrhea

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6
Q

What are the side effects of bile acid binding resins?

A

Bloating, flatulence, constipation, fecal impaction

Impaired intestinal absorption of concurrently administered drugs and fat-soluble vitamins

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7
Q

What are the examples of absorbents used to treat diarrhea?

A

Kaolin

Pectin

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8
Q

What is kaolin?

A

Naturally occurring magnesium aluminum salicate

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9
Q

What is pectin?

A

An indigestible carbohydrate

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10
Q

What is the MoA of the absorbents?

A

Absorb bacteria, toxins, and fluid

I didn’t think this was much of a MoA…but whatever

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11
Q

What form of diarrhea are absorbents used to treat?

A

Possibly acute diarrhea

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12
Q

What are some possible side effects of absorbents?

A

Constipation

May bind other medications

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13
Q

What is the MoA of bismuth subsalicylate?

A

Limited direct antimicrobial activity and binds enterotoxins

Salicylate inhibits PG and Cl- secretion in large intestine

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14
Q

When it comes to bismuth subsalicylate, what is one thing to watch for on the final?

A

Large intestine: salicylate inhibits PG and Cl- secretion

Stomach: bismuth stimulates PG, mucous, and bicarbonate secretion

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15
Q

What form of diarrhea is bismuth subsalicylate used to treat?

A

prophylactically for Traveller’s diarrhea

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16
Q

What is the MoA of octreotide?

A

Synthetic analogue of somatostatin
Low dose –> stimulates motility
High dose –> inhibits motility
Decreases fluid secretion

17
Q

When is octreotide used?

A

Carcinoid tumors
VIPomas
Severe diarrhea d/t vagotomy, dumping syndrome, short bowel syndrome, or AIDs

18
Q

What are some side effects of octreotide?

A 
Malabsorption of fats
Nausea, abdominal pain, flatulence
Gallstones
Hyper- or hypo-glycemia
Hypothyroidism, bradycardia

GI Fitzy (6 decks)

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