Anti-depressants

Question 1

what are 2 psychoses

Answer 1

schizophrenia

affective disorders

Question 2

difference between schizophrenia and affective disorders

Answer 2

schizophrenia relates to issues with thought process but affective disorders to do with mood

Question 3

2 affective disorders

Answer 3

mania and depression

Question 4

emotional symptoms of depression

Answer 4

misery
low self esteem
loss of motivation
anhedonia- loss of ability to enjoy activities

Question 5

biological symptoms fo depression

Answer 5

slowing of thought
loss of libido
loss of appetite

Question 6

2 types of depression

Answer 6

unipolar-mood swings in same direction

bipolar- changing depression and mania

Question 7

2 types of unipolar depression (depressive disorder)

Answer 7

Reactive depression- in response to life events

Endogenous depression- unrelated to external factors (is a familial pattern)

Question 8

Features of depressive disorder

Answer 8

Late onset

Drug treatment for both types are the same

Question 9

Features of bipolar depression

Answer 9

Early onset
Strong hereditary tendency
Treated with lithium

Question 10

Monoamine theory of depression

Answer 10

Depression is a functional deficit of central MA

Mania is a functional excess of MA

Question 11

2 chemicals associated with depression

Answer 11

Noradrenaline

5-HT

Question 12

Speed of onset of anti depressant drugs

Answer 12

Delayed onset- potentially linked to adaptive changes in down regulation of a2, beta and 5HT receptors

Question 13

3 main groups of antidepressant

Answer 13

Tricyclic antidepressant
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Selective serotonin receptor inhibitors

Question 14

MOA of TCAs

Answer 14

Inhibit NA and 5 HT reuptake

Question 15

Reason for delayed onset of TCAs

Answer 15

Delayed down regulation of beta-adrenoceptors and 5-HT2 receptors

Question 16

Pharmacokinetics of TCAs

Answer 16

Rapid oral absorption
Hepatic metabolism to active metabolites
Highly plasma protein binding

Question 17

Unwanted side effects at therapeutic dose

Answer 17

Atropine like effects
Sedation
Postural hypotension

Question 18

Acute toxicity of TCAs

Answer 18

Delirium
Seizures
Ventricular fibrillation
Suicide attempts via OD

Question 19

2 types of MAO

Answer 19

MAO-A= NA and 5-HT
MAO-B= Dopamine

Question 20

MOA of MAOI

Answer 20

Inhibits monoamine oxidase to increase cytoplasmic NA nd 5 HT

Question 21

Reason behind delayed effect of MAOi

Answer 21

Downregulation of 5-HT and NA receptors

Question 22

Pharmacokinetics of MAOi

Answer 22

Rapid oral absorption

Metabolised in liver

Question 23

Side effects of MAOis

Answer 23

Atropine like effects
Postural hypotension
Sedation
Weight gain
Hepatotoxicity

Question 24

MOA of SSRIs

Answer 24

Inhibit 5 HT reuptake

Question 25

Advantages of SSRIs

Answer 25

Less troublesome side effects

Safer in OD

Question 26

Disadvantage of SSRIs

Answer 26

Less effective against severe depression

Question 27

Pharmacokinetics of SSRISs

Answer 27

Delayed onset

Cant be administered with TCAs and MAOi

Question 28

Unwanted effects of SSRIs

Answer 28

Nausea
Diarrorhoea
Insomnia
Loss of libido

Question 29

What is the cheese reaction

Answer 29

Occurs in MAOi users who eat cheese. Drug interacts with tyramine causing an acute hypertension reaction