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Pharmacology > Anti-cancer drugs, GI, toxicology > Flashcards

Anti-cancer drugs, GI, toxicology Flashcards

1
Q

anticancer drugs kill a fixed proportion of tumor cell population

A

log-kill hypothesis

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2
Q

cell-cycle specific drugs: M phase

A

MVVP: vinblastine, vincristine, paclitaxel

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3
Q

cell-cycle specific drugs: S phase

A

CHEM 66: cytaribine, hydroxyurea, etoposide, mtx, 6-mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine

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4
Q

cell-cycle specific drugs: G2 phase; SE

A

bleomycin; pulmonary fibrosis

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5
Q

rescue therapy: methotrexate

A

leucovorin

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6
Q

rescue therapy: cyclophosphamide

A

mesna

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7
Q

rescue therapy: doxorubicin

A

doxrazoxane

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8
Q

rescue therapy: cisplatin

A

amifostine (amy at faustine)

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9
Q

decrease nephrotoxicity of cisplatin by administering _____ with _____

A

mannitol; forced hydration

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10
Q

alkylating agent with disulfiram-like reaction, leukemogenic

A

procarbazine

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11
Q

alkylating agent which exhibits phototoxicity, not leukemogenic

A

dacarbazine

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12
Q

marrow-sparing alkylating agent

A

busulfan

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13
Q

highly lipophilic alkylating agent, can cross BBB and cause CNS toxicity, used for brain tumors

A

carmustine or lomustine

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14
Q

inhibits de novo purine nucleotide synthesis, activated by HGPRT, cell cycle specific; metabolism is inhibited by ___ and ____

A

6-mercaptopurine; allopurinol and febuxostat

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15
Q

cause thymine-less cell death; inhibits thymidylate synthase, cell cycle specific, causes alopecia

A

5-FU

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16
Q

inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, cell cycle specific

A

cytaribine, gemcitabine

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17
Q

prevents microtubule assembly, causing cell arrest at metaphase

A

vincristine and vinblastine

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18
Q

vinca alkaloid which causes myelosuppression

A

vinblastine

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19
Q

inhibits DNA topoisomerase II (gyrase), cell cycle specific

A

etoposide, teniposide

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20
Q

inhibits DNA topoisomerase I (swivelase)

A

topotecan (2nd line for ovarian CA, small cell lung CA), irinotecan (metastatic colorectal CA)

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21
Q

prevents microtubule disassembly

A

paclitaxel, docetaxel

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22
Q

inhibits DNA topoisomerase II (gyrase), cell cycle nonspecific, can cause reversible dilated CM

A

doxorubicin

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23
Q

anti-tumor antibiotic which inhibits DNA-dependent RNA synthesis, cell cycle nonspecific, used for melanoma, wilms, rhabdomyosarcoma, kaposi sarcoma, GTN

A

actinomycin D

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24
Q

tyrosine kinase inhibitors

A

imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib

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25
Q

uses of imatinib

A

CML (via bcr-abl), GIST (via c-kit)

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26
Q

MAB used for metastatic breast CA via Her2neu receptor

A

trastuzumab

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27
Q

MAB inhibiting binding of BEGF, inhibits tumor vascular permeability

A

bevacizumab

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28
Q

MAB used for NHL

A

rituximab

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29
Q

chemotherapeutic drugs causing myelosuppression

A

MTX, 5-FU, 6-MP, vinblastine

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30
Q

DOC for ALL but may cause ____

A

asparaginase; acute pancreatitis

31
Q

DOC for APML; only vitamine that can cure CA; SE and treatment for it

A

all-trans retinoic acid; retinoic acid syndrome (dyspnea, fever, wt gain, peripheral edema), dexamethasone

32
Q

antacid may cause milk-alkali syndrome

A

ca carbonate

33
Q

suppresses nocturnal acid secretion, modest effect on meal stimulated secretion

A

H2 blockers (cimetidine, ranitidine)

34
Q

suppresses nocturnal and meal stimulated acid secretion

A

PPI (omeprazole)

35
Q

PPIs act on ___ channel in active ______

A

H/K ATPase; parietal cells

36
Q

forms protective coating on ulcerated tissue; used in infectious diarrhea; can cause black stools, darkening of the tongue, enceph

A

bismuth salicylate

37
Q

DOC for diabetic gastroparesis

A

metoclopromide

38
Q

macrolide which is also a prokinetic agent, stimulates motilin receptorsq

A

erythromycin

39
Q

bulk-forming laxative

A

psyllium

40
Q

stool-softening laxative; may cause lipid pneumonitis and ADEK malabsorption

A

docusate

41
Q

osmotic laxative used for endoscopy

A

polyethylene glycol

42
Q

anthraquinone containing laxative which may cause melanosis coli

A

senna

43
Q

activates opioid receptors in enteric nervous system, slows down motility, CI in ______, reverse ileus by _____

A

diphenoxylate; children <4 yo; betanechol

44
Q

immunomodulator used for inflammatory bowel disease

A

mesalamine, sulfasalazine

45
Q

herbicide which causes increased risk of NHL on long-term exposure

A

chlorophenoxyacids (e.g. agent orange)

46
Q

most widely used herbicide in the world, causes eye and skin irritation, no specific tx

A

glyphosate

47
Q

bipyridyl herbicide used to kill weeds, cause GI irritation and pulmonary fibrosis

A

paraquat

48
Q

used in manufacturing electrical equipment, MC effect is dermatotoxicity

A

polychlorinated biphenyls

49
Q

by-products of chemicals, cause dermatitis, chloracne, carcinogenic and teratogenic

A

dioxins

50
Q

inc risk of mesothelioma

A

asbestos

51
Q

tx for chronic inorganic lead poisoning (plumbism) - OPD and severe cases; dietary modification

A

oral succimer; EDTA + dimercaprol; high ca diet

52
Q

tx for organic lead poisoning (gasoline additives)

A

decontamination, seizure control

53
Q

rice-water stools, garlicky odor in breath and stools; tx

A

acute arsenic poisoning; dimercaprol

54
Q

Mee’s lines, milk and roses complexion, raindrop hyperpigmentation; tx

A

chronic arsenic poisoning; dimercaprol

55
Q

massive hemolysis leading to pigment overload and renal failure; associated with semiconductor manufacturing, tx

A

arsine gas; exchange transfusion, hydration, dialysis, chelators have no value

56
Q

hemorrhagic gastroenteritis followed by renal failure; tx

A

acute inorganic mercury poisoning; oral succimer or IM dimercaprol

57
Q

loosening of gums and teeth, GI disturbances, neurologic and behavioral changes (erethism), tx

A

chronic inorganic mercury poisoning; oral succimer, unithiol (dimercaprol may redistribute mercury to
CNS)

58
Q

minamata disease

A

organic mercury poisoning

59
Q

chelator which causes transient hypertension, tachycardia, increased prothrombin time

A

dimercaprol

60
Q

cut-off lead concentration for administering succimer

A

45 mcg/dL

61
Q

Keiser-Flecher rings, Wilson’s disease; tx; SE

A

copper poisoning; penicillamine; nephrotoxicity with proteinuria, drug-induced lupus

62
Q

aspirin poisoning mnemonic; tx

A

CHAFS: coma, hyperventilation, hyperthermia, hypokalemia, acidosis (HAGMA), fever, seizure; alkaline diuresis, supportive

63
Q

mnemonic for utility of activated charcoal

A

ABCDPPTTV: amitriptyline, barbiturates, carbamezapine, digitalis, phenycyclidine, propoxyphene, theophylline, TCA, valproic acid

64
Q

antidote for caffeine, theophylline, sympathomimetics

A

esmolol

65
Q

antidote for methanol, ethylene glycol

A

ethanol, fomepizole

66
Q

antidote for cyanide poisoning

A

inhaled amyl nitrite + IV sodium nitrite + IV sodium thiosulfate

67
Q

herbal supplement which decreases duration of cold symptoms

A

echinacea

68
Q

herbal supplement for asthma, bronchitis, CNS stimulation

A

ephedra (ma huang)

69
Q

herbal supplement for intermittent claudication, dementia

A

ginkgo

70
Q

herbal supplement which can be used as antidote for amanita mushroom poisoning

A

milk thistle

71
Q

herbal supplement for BPH

A

saw palmetto

72
Q

herbal supplement for tx of mild to moderate depression

A

St. John’s wort

73
Q

herbal supplement for improvement of IHD and Parkinson’s

A

Coenzyme Q10

74
Q

herbal supplement for reduction of pain w/ OA

A

glucosamine

Pharmacology (7 decks)

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