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Pharmacology Exam 5 > Anti-arryhthmics > Flashcards

Anti-arryhthmics Flashcards

1
Q

SA and AV node are considered _____ tissue in terms of speed

A

slow

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2
Q

atria/ventricles/His-Purkinje fibers are considered _____ tissue in terms of speed

A

fast

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3
Q

Na channel blockers ____ excitability and _____ refractory period

A

decrease

increase

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4
Q

K channels blockers _____ APD and ____ refractory period

A

increase

increase

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5
Q

Ca channel blockers ____ excitability and ____ refractory period

A

decrease

increase

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6
Q

Beta-blockers modulate ____ and ___ channels in slow tissue

A

K

Ca

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7
Q

____ ____ refers to a time when too few Na channels are in the resting state and an action potential cannot be generated

A

refractory period

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8
Q

The number of Na channels in the resting state roughly equates to ____

A

excitability

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9
Q

Ability of a depolarization to cause an AP is ____ (aka threshold)

A

excitability

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10
Q

slow-dissociating Na channel blockers prolong the _____ complex

A

QRS

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11
Q

____-dissociating Na channel blockers do not effect the ECG significantly

A

fast

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12
Q

slowing the rate of phase ____ depolarization is associated with prolongation of the QRS complex

A

0

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13
Q

Blocking Na channels during phase ____ will reduce excitability while blockage during phase ___ or ____ will increase refractory period

A

0
3
4

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14
Q

Prototype fast-dissociating Na channel blocker

A

lidocaine

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15
Q

____ channel blockers prolong the QT interval

A

K

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16
Q

decrease conduction velocity and excitability along with increase refractory period of slow tissue is attributed to ___ channel blockers

A

Ca

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17
Q

PR interval is prolonged by ___ channel blockers

A

Ca

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18
Q

QRS complex is prolonged by ____ channel blockers

A

Na

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19
Q

QT interval is prolonged by ___ channel blockers

A

K

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20
Q

Delayed aftedepolarization is associated with which drug

A

digoxin

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21
Q

____ causes a premature ventricular beat for every normal sinus rhythm beat

A

digoxin

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22
Q

delayed afterdepolarizations are due to elevated ___

A

Ca

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23
Q

____ blockers slow conduction in fast tissue and ____ blockers slow conduction in slow tissue

A

Na

Ca

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24
Q

Which 2 drugs are the only drugs shown to reduce mortality

A

beta blockers

amiodarone

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25
Order the classes of Na channel blockers fastest to slowest
b a c
26
This class of Na channel blockers widens QRS and prolongs the QT interval
a
27
class 1A Na channel blocker prototype
quinidine
28
This drug blocks Na and K channels, alpha-adrenergic blockade, and anticholinergic effects
quinidine
29
Maintain sinus rhythm in a-fib/flutter and suppress supraventricular and ventricular tachyarrhythmias
quinidine
30
Prolong QT interval and increased risk of torsades de pointes
quinidine
31
This drug has an interaction with digoxin and increases the serum levels of digoxin
quinidine
32
1. avoided in long term use 2. metabolite blocks K channel but not Na 3. lupus-like syndrome especially in slow acetylators
procainamide
33
Class 1B Na channel blocker prototype
lidocaine
34
selective for ventricular over atrial blockage of Na channels
lidocaine
35
1. Acute IV therapy for ventricular arrythmias 2. not effective against atrial arrythmias 3. concern about increased mortality
lidocaine
36
This class of Na channel blockers has minimal effects on ECG
1B (lidocaine)
37
Seizures with rapid IV administration of this drug
lidocaine
38
prototype class 1C Na channel blocker
flecainide
39
increases mortality in patients recovering from MI
flecainide
40
Blurred vision
flecainide
41
1. beta adrenergic blockade | 2. blood levels are increased in slow CYP2D6 metabolizers
propafenone
42
used for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias
flecainide
43
increases refractory period of AV
metoprolol
44
decreases mortality after MI
metoprolol
45
SA and AV node block
metoprolol
46
sudden withdrawal may worsen symptoms
metoprolol
47
short-term decrease of ventricular function
metoprolol
48
____ channel blockers will prolong the APD
K
49
this drug is the prototype drug that prolongs APD
amiodarone
50
non-competitive adrenergic receptor blocker
amiodarone
51
refractory v-tach or v-fib
amiodarone
52
maintain NSR in a-fib
amiodarone
53
pulmonary fibrosis and thyroid dysfunction
amiodarone
54
half-life of 1-2 months
amiodarone
55
non-selective beta-blocker that also blocks K channels
sotalol
56
severe atrial flutter or a-fib
sotalol
57
torsades in overdose & not approved for use as antihypertensive or antianginal
sotalol
58
pure K channel blocker
dofetilide
59
restricted to patients with a-fib to maintain NSR
dofetilide (tikosyn)
60
depresses cardiac force of contraction
verapamil
61
contraindicated in CHF
verapamil
62
constipation
verapamil
63
decreases slow tissue automaticity and excitability
verapamil
64
used to treat WPW syndrome
adenosine
65
brief (5 sec) asystole
adenosine
66
flushing and metallic taste
adenosine
67
DI with caffeine
adenosine
68
may invert T wave
digoxin
69
especially useful in heart failure as other agents used to treat it decrease contractility
digoxin

Pharmacology Exam 5 (8 decks)

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