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Pharmacology Exam 5 > Anti-arryhthmics > Flashcards

Anti-arryhthmics Flashcards

1
Q

SA and AV node are considered _____ tissue in terms of speed

A

slow

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2
Q

atria/ventricles/His-Purkinje fibers are considered _____ tissue in terms of speed

A

fast

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3
Q

Na channel blockers ____ excitability and _____ refractory period

A

decrease

increase

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4
Q

K channels blockers _____ APD and ____ refractory period

A

increase

increase

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5
Q

Ca channel blockers ____ excitability and ____ refractory period

A

decrease

increase

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6
Q

Beta-blockers modulate ____ and ___ channels in slow tissue

A

K

Ca

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7
Q

____ ____ refers to a time when too few Na channels are in the resting state and an action potential cannot be generated

A

refractory period

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8
Q

The number of Na channels in the resting state roughly equates to ____

A

excitability

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9
Q

Ability of a depolarization to cause an AP is ____ (aka threshold)

A

excitability

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10
Q

slow-dissociating Na channel blockers prolong the _____ complex

A

QRS

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11
Q

____-dissociating Na channel blockers do not effect the ECG significantly

A

fast

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12
Q

slowing the rate of phase ____ depolarization is associated with prolongation of the QRS complex

A

0

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13
Q

Blocking Na channels during phase ____ will reduce excitability while blockage during phase ___ or ____ will increase refractory period

A

0
3
4

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14
Q

Prototype fast-dissociating Na channel blocker

A

lidocaine

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15
Q

____ channel blockers prolong the QT interval

A

K

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16
Q

decrease conduction velocity and excitability along with increase refractory period of slow tissue is attributed to ___ channel blockers

A

Ca

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17
Q

PR interval is prolonged by ___ channel blockers

A

Ca

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18
Q

QRS complex is prolonged by ____ channel blockers

A

Na

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19
Q

QT interval is prolonged by ___ channel blockers

A

K

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20
Q

Delayed aftedepolarization is associated with which drug

A

digoxin

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21
Q

____ causes a premature ventricular beat for every normal sinus rhythm beat

A

digoxin

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22
Q

delayed afterdepolarizations are due to elevated ___

A

Ca

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23
Q

____ blockers slow conduction in fast tissue and ____ blockers slow conduction in slow tissue

A

Na

Ca

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24
Q

Which 2 drugs are the only drugs shown to reduce mortality

A

beta blockers

amiodarone

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25
Q

Order the classes of Na channel blockers fastest to slowest

A

b
a
c

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26
Q

This class of Na channel blockers widens QRS and prolongs the QT interval

A

a

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27
Q

class 1A Na channel blocker prototype

A

quinidine

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28
Q

This drug blocks Na and K channels, alpha-adrenergic blockade, and anticholinergic effects

A

quinidine

29
Q

Maintain sinus rhythm in a-fib/flutter and suppress supraventricular and ventricular tachyarrhythmias

A

quinidine

30
Q

Prolong QT interval and increased risk of torsades de pointes

A

quinidine

31
Q

This drug has an interaction with digoxin and increases the serum levels of digoxin

A

quinidine

32
Q
  1. avoided in long term use
  2. metabolite blocks K channel but not Na
  3. lupus-like syndrome especially in slow acetylators
A

procainamide

33
Q

Class 1B Na channel blocker prototype

A

lidocaine

34
Q

selective for ventricular over atrial blockage of Na channels

A

lidocaine

35
Q
  1. Acute IV therapy for ventricular arrythmias
  2. not effective against atrial arrythmias
  3. concern about increased mortality
A

lidocaine

36
Q

This class of Na channel blockers has minimal effects on ECG

A

1B (lidocaine)

37
Q

Seizures with rapid IV administration of this drug

A

lidocaine

38
Q

prototype class 1C Na channel blocker

A

flecainide

39
Q

increases mortality in patients recovering from MI

A

flecainide

40
Q

Blurred vision

A

flecainide

41
Q
  1. beta adrenergic blockade

2. blood levels are increased in slow CYP2D6 metabolizers

A

propafenone

42
Q

used for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias

A

flecainide

43
Q

increases refractory period of AV

A

metoprolol

44
Q

decreases mortality after MI

A

metoprolol

45
Q

SA and AV node block

A

metoprolol

46
Q

sudden withdrawal may worsen symptoms

A

metoprolol

47
Q

short-term decrease of ventricular function

A

metoprolol

48
Q

____ channel blockers will prolong the APD

A

K

49
Q

this drug is the prototype drug that prolongs APD

A

amiodarone

50
Q

non-competitive adrenergic receptor blocker

A

amiodarone

51
Q

refractory v-tach or v-fib

A

amiodarone

52
Q

maintain NSR in a-fib

A

amiodarone

53
Q

pulmonary fibrosis and thyroid dysfunction

A

amiodarone

54
Q

half-life of 1-2 months

A

amiodarone

55
Q

non-selective beta-blocker that also blocks K channels

A

sotalol

56
Q

severe atrial flutter or a-fib

A

sotalol

57
Q

torsades in overdose & not approved for use as antihypertensive or antianginal

A

sotalol

58
Q

pure K channel blocker

A

dofetilide

59
Q

restricted to patients with a-fib to maintain NSR

A

dofetilide (tikosyn)

60
Q

depresses cardiac force of contraction

A

verapamil

61
Q

contraindicated in CHF

A

verapamil

62
Q

constipation

A

verapamil

63
Q

decreases slow tissue automaticity and excitability

A

verapamil

64
Q

used to treat WPW syndrome

A

adenosine

65
Q

brief (5 sec) asystole

A

adenosine

66
Q

flushing and metallic taste

A

adenosine

67
Q

DI with caffeine

A

adenosine

68
Q

may invert T wave

A

digoxin

69
Q

especially useful in heart failure as other agents used to treat it decrease contractility

A

digoxin

Pharmacology Exam 5 (8 decks)

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