Anti Anginal Flashcards
Why are beta blockers used in angina
Reduce Hr and force, esp. during exercise or stress. Coronary vessel diameter is marginally reduced, nut myocardial oxygen requirements fall so better oxygenation of the myocardium
What are calcium channel blockers used in combination with
GTN spray
What receptor do calcium channel blockers act upon
Alpha-1 adrenoceptor
Give two examples of nitrates
Glyceryltrinitrae (GTN) and isosorbide mononitrate
Brief explanation of nitrates
Relax all types of smooth muscle via their metabolism to nitric oxide
What is short acting and what is long acting nitrate
GTN is short acting and isosorbide mononitrate is long acting
What are side effects of nitrates
Repeated administration may be associated with diminished tolerance, postural hypotension and headaches
Potassium channel openers example
Nicorandil
Mechanism of potassium channel openers
Decrease the calcium ion senitivity of smooth muscle, activates sarcolemma calcium pump and promotes potassium efflux causing hyperpolarisation, leading to relaxation of the smooth muscle and coronary vasodilation
When are potassium channel openers used
When nitrates do not work
Side effects of potassium channel openers
Hypovolaemia, palpatations and weakness
Describe ivabradine
Prolongs diastolic time by selectively and specifically inhibiting the funny current. Decreases heart rate, increases systolic volume and preservers blood pressure
What is ivabradine used for
Heart failure and angina
