Anthropometry Flashcards
If an object or space is intended for human use, then its form and dimensions should be derived from those of the ___________, from the characteristics of the human senses and from the variable data of human experience.
Human body
Basic definition of anthropometry:
The science of measurement of body size
What is the application of scientific methods to human subjects for the development of design standards and specific requirements and for the evaluation of engineering drawings, mock-ups and manufactured products for the purposes of assuring the suitability of these products for the intended user population.
Anthropometry
Classical anthropometric measurements include:
height, breadth, depth, distance, curvature, circumference, and reach
Height, breadth, depth, distance, curvature, circumference, and reach are all examples of _________ anthropometric measurements
Classical
A straight-line, point-to-point vertical measurement
Height
A straight-line, point-to-point horizontal
Breadth
A straight-line, point-to-point horizontal measurement running fore-aft the body
Depth
A straight-line, point-to-point measurement between body landmarks
Distance
A closed measurement following a body contour, usually not circular
Circumference
A point-to-point measurement following a body contour, usually neither circular nor closed
Curvature
Sources of anthropometric variability:
- Growth, development, aging
- Gender
- Culture
- Secular (historical)
- Social class and occupation
Obtaining anthropometric data, what are the considerations: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
- Sources (military, civilian)
- Accuracy
- Clothing Corrections (shoes make a difference in height)
- Standard postures
- Target population (who are you designing for?)
Females tend to become taller earlier, but overall males will eventually be taller, this is an example of a source of variability in anthropometric measures, specifically…
Growth, development and aging
Average stature across different countries, is this a source of variability in anthropometry?
Yes.
Secular in terms of a source of anthropometric variability means…
Sources that are not related to religion or culture, such as urbanization, family size
There is no such thing as an “average person”, a general rule to go along with this idea is to design so…
The smallest woman can reach and the largest man can fit
Use three types of anthropometric information when designing:
- Characteristics of user population
- Ways in which these characteristics might impose constraints upon the design
- Criteria that define an effective match between the product and the user
The design process in determining the anthropometric limit: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
- Determine the user population
- Determine relevant body dimensions
- Determine the percentage of the population accommodated
- Determine the percentile value of the selected anthropometric dimensions
- Make necessary design modification to the data from the anthropometric tables
- Use mock-ups or simulators to test design
A ____________ is an observable, preferably measurable, characteristic of human beings, which has consequences for the design of a particular artifact.
Constraint
A _________ is a standard judgment against which the match between user and artifact may be measured.
Criterion
The four cardinal constraints:
- anthropometrics
- clearance
- posture
- reach
PRAC
The idea that “one size fits all” is realistic in ergonomic design.
TRUE/FALSE
False!
4 general adjustability approaches:
- adjust ______
- adjust ______
- adjust ______
- adjust ______
- workplace
- worker position relative the workplace
- workpiece
- tool
Explain the difference between static anthropometric measurements and functional measurements
Static: standing height (not moving)
Functional: reach zone (moving)
Selection: fit the person to the job
Job modification: fit the job to the worker
Which strategy should you use?
job modification
Sagittal Plane
body in left and right
Coronal Plane
Body in front and back
Transverse Plane
Body in top and bottom
In the absence of data, female may be estimated as ____% of male.
93%
Personal Space Intimate: 0-18" Personal: \_\_\_\_\_ Social: 4-12 feet Public: >12 feet
18-48”
Personal space can vary widely based on…
gender, familiarity, and culture
The 50th percentile is the _____
mean (average)
To find percentile:
- Find the difference between the mean
- Convert to standard units (divide by standard deviation)
- Use table to find percentile
To find dimension:
- Use table to find number of standard units from the mean
- Convert to dimension measure (multiply by standard deviation)
- Add or subtract mean
