Anthropology unit 2

Question 1

what is anthropology?

Answer 1

the study of humans including their origins, behaviour, and physical social and cultural development

Question 2

what are two branches of anthro?

Answer 2

cultrual
physical

Question 3

cultural anthropology

Answer 3

• religion
• race
• beliefs
• traditions
• clothes

Question 4

physical anthropology

Answer 4

the study of the past and present evolution
job: examining human skeletal remains to determine various factors

Question 5

what are the 5 schools of thought

Answer 5

cultural relativism
functional theory
cultural materialism
feminist anthropology
postmodernism

Question 6

cultural relativism

Answer 6

-belief that we can’t compare two cultures
-believes each culture is entitled to their own rules that are valid and acceptable
-the way people view the worlds depends on their culture

Question 7

cultural relativism key thinker

Answer 7

Franz Boas

Question 8

Functional Theory

Answer 8

-the idea that every belief, action, or relationship in a culture functions to meet the needs of individuals

Question 9

functional theory key thinker

Answer 9

Bronislaw Malinowski

Question 10

cultural Materialism

Answer 10

•materials or conditions within the environment ex. climate
•believe that society develops on a trial and error basis

Question 11

cultural materialism key thinker

Answer 11

Marvin Harris

Question 12

feminist anthropology

Answer 12

•aimed to compare cultures around the world to see how many were dominated by men
•looks at gender roles and myths in cultures and how it is effected

Question 13

feminist anthropology key thinker

Answer 13

Ernestine Friedi

Question 14

postmodernism

Answer 14

•impossible to have any “true” knowledge about the world
• try to deconstruct what a society believes to be true
•believes that anthropologists cannot study their subjects in a detached way

Question 15

structered observation

Answer 15

a qualitative research method

Question 16

unstructured observation

Answer 16

when observation is to take place without the pre defined plan and characteristics in advance

Question 17

participant observation

Answer 17

the researcher is immersed in the day to day activities of the participants

Question 18

7 aspects of culture

Answer 18

social organization
language
customs and traditions
art
religon
forms of government
economic system

Question 19

social organization

Answer 19

-the way a culture organizes its members into smaller groups
ex. families, jobs, emos

Question 20

language

Answer 20

-core of all culture
-specific set of symbols and meaning
-not all have developed writing

Question 21

customs and traditions

Answer 21

-laws and social norms
-expectations
-rules of behaviour

Question 22

Art

Answer 22

creative output to one generation to the next

Question 23

religion

Answer 23

-basic questions about the meaning of life that cannot be answered
-beliefs
-some cultures have multiple religions

Question 24

economic system

Answer 24

limited resources to satisfy wants and needs

Question 25

what is a rite of passage?

Answer 25

ceremonial event or ritual that marks the passage from one social or religion status to another

Question 26

three phases of rites of passage

Answer 26

1. separation- punishment
2. transition- loosing name
   3.reincorpation- gifts, coming together

Question 27

linguistic anthropology

Answer 27

studies the nature of human languages in the context of those cultures that developed them

Question 28

3 areas of linguistic anthropology

Answer 28

historical linguistics
descriptive linguistics
sociolinguistics

Question 29

what are primates?

Answer 29

mammals that usually have grasping hands, large brains and flat faces that set them apart from other mammals

Question 30

what is an example of a primate?

Answer 30

humans, and gorillas

Question 31

Margaret Mead

Answer 31

studied the people of Oceania

Question 32

Louis and Mary Leakey

Answer 32

-discovered the first fossilized skull
-promoter of the study of human origins

Question 33

Jane Goodall

Answer 33

-expert on chimpanzees
-corrected a number of misunderstandings about chimpanzees

Question 34

Dian Fossey

Answer 34

-extensive study of the mountain gorilla
- American primatologist

Question 35

Birate Galdikas

Answer 35

-discovered the long orangutang birth interval
studied orangutan’s

Question 36

Charles Darwin

Answer 36

-naturalist, geologist and biologist
-architect of the theory of evolution by natural selection

Question 37

natural selection

Answer 37

-theorized by Charles Darwin
- mechanism of evolution
-pass on genes that aide their success

Question 38

Evolution

Answer 38

the process of gradual change that takes place over many generations

Question 39

creationism

Answer 39

the belief that the creation story of Genesis is the literal truth about how the world came into being

Question 40

human variation

Answer 40

the range of differences among humans

Question 41

ethnology

Answer 41

the study of characteristics of various people and the differences and relationships between them

Question 42

ethnocentrism

Answer 42

judging someone based on their food preferences or clothing style

Question 43

culture

Answer 43

belief, art, law, morals, traditions

Question 44

archaeology

Answer 44

the study of human history and prehistory through excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains

Question 45

bipedalism

Answer 45

the ability to move about on two legs instead of four

Question 46

primatology

Answer 46

the study of the behaviour, biology, evolution and taxonomy of nonhuman primates

Question 47

paleoanthropology

Answer 47

the study of human evolution through the fossil and archaeological records