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Intro to Forensic Science > Anthropology & Odontology > Flashcards

Anthropology & Odontology Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Forensic Anthropology.

a. the study of humans, their cultures, and their biology.
b. the identification of the study of humans or what remains of the human to situations of modern legal or public concern.
c. The biological study of current human populations.

A

b. the identification of the study of humans or what remains of the human to situations of modern legal or public concern.

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2
Q

Select the INCORRECT sentence: The difference between forensic anthropology and forensic pathology.

a. Forensic anthropologists are taught about only one system in the body, the skeleton.
b. Pathologists learn about the body’s various organ systems and what makes these systems stop working.
c. Forensic anthropologists are taught about only one system in the body, the body organs.

A

Forensic anthropologists are taught about only one system in the body, the body organs

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3
Q

Select the sentence which is incorrect.

a. Paleoanthropology is the biological study of past human populations.
b. Bioanthropology is the biological study of current human populations.
c. Paleoanthropology is the cultural study of past human populations.
d. Archaeology is the study of past human cultures.
e. Ethnology is the study of current human cultures.

A

Paleoanthropology is the cultural study of past human populations.

  • Paleoantrhopology: study of biological of PAST human PoP.
    - Archaeology: study of Past human Cultures.
  • Bioantrhopology: study of biological of CURRENT human PoP.
    - Ethnology: study of Current human Cultures.
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4
Q

What is the first step towards identifying the individual/s?

A 
Develop a Biological Profile:
• Sex
• Age
• Population Affinity
• Stature (height)
• Individual characteristics
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5
Q
  1. Select the sentence which is incorrect.
    a. Archaeological methods are employed to collect the remains.
    b. Forensic anthropology involves methods from all of the anthropological disciplines but mostly from Archaeology and Ethnology.
    c. paleoanthropological techniques are used to identify and analyze the bones to determine sex, age, race, and other biological descriptors.
A

. Forensic anthropology involves methods from all of the anthropological disciplines but mostly from Archaeology and Ethnology.
= Disciplines of Anthropology: Paleo-anthropology & Bio-anthropology is the STUDY of human SKELETON.
=Archaeology & Ethnology: study of human CULTURES.

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6
Q

Which of these disciplines of Anthropology focuses on the STUDY of human SKELETON.

a. paleo-anthropology & bio-anthropology
b. archaeology & ethnology.
c. paleo-anthropology & ethnology
d. bio-anthropology & archaeology

A

a. paleo-anthropology & bio-anthropology

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7
Q

What are the types of human remains found?

A

Scattered remains- fragmented remains scattered
Buried
Commingled- the intermixing of remains from more than one individual

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8
Q

Estimation of Age. true or false: Growth stops with fusion of epiphysis to diaphysis.

A

true .

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9
Q

Age related changes in Childhood. Select one that that is incorrect.
• long bone lengths
• dental development (most changes prior to age 13)
• ossification of epiphyses – ages (13 to 18)
• ossification of sutures

A

• ossification of sutures= related to Adulthood

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10
Q 
Age related changes in Adulthood. Select one that is incorrect.
• long bone lengths
• ossification of sutures
• pubic symphysis
• rib phase analysis
• degeneration of bone condition
• increase in pathologies
A

• long bone lengths- childhood related changes

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11
Q
  1. Estimation of sex determined by?
A

a. Genes

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12
Q
  1. What is the Primary sexual dimorphism?
A

a. The reproductive organs, hormones.

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13
Q
  1. Secondary sexual dimorphism?
A

a. body fat and musculature, body

hair etc.

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14
Q

key tasks for Forensic Anthropologist

A
  1. generate biological profile
  2. Interpret evidence of trauma rellating to death.
  3. Reconstruct post mortem period (based on condition and context)
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15
Q
  1. True or False: The human skeleton consists of 208 bones, most of which are paired (left and right) or grouped by area (the skull or the spine, for example).
A

False. 206 bones

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16
Q
  1. Which one is incorrect? Bones perform four main functions for the body.
    a. Support
    b. Motion
    c. Development
    d. Protection
    e. Growth
A

Development

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17
Q

What is Taphonomy?

A 
–the processes which affect the bones between death and discover. 
-the branch of palaeontology that deals with the processes of fossilization.
Decomposition
Exposure/Burial/Fluvial
Thermal alteration
Mineral changes/staining
Mechanical
Animal
Cultural
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18
Q

What are the Types of Trauma?

A
  • Blunt force
  • Sharp force
  • Projectile
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19
Q

•Types of cases in Forensic Anthropology with identification

A
  • Skeletonised
  • Burnt or incinerated
  • Decomposed
  • Fragmented ( e.g explosion)
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20
Q
  1. Primary Identification- establish/confirm identity
A
  • Dental
  • DNA
  • Fingerprints
21
Q
  1. Secondary Identification confirm/suggest identity
A
  • Medical Records (ante-mortem and post-mortem)
  • Marks, Scars, Tattoos
  • Jewellery, Clothing
22
Q

what are the two types of bone growth?

A
  • Endochondral bone growth: starts with a “model” of a bone consisting of cartilage and centres of ossification
  • Intramembranous bone growth: instead of a cartilage model, the ossfication occurs within a membrane, and this occurs in many bones of the skull.
23
Q

The developing shaft of the bone is called ?

A

Diaphysis

24
Q

The ends of the developing bone is called?

A

These cartilaginous areas at the ends of the long bones are called epiphyseal growth plates.

25
Q
  1. What is the process called: To gain a clear picture of the body’s last resting position, it is useful to clean down to the bottom of the remains and then clear out all the soil around the bones.
A

Pedestalling

26
Q
  1. Which of these is not a question forensics asks?
    a. Is the submitted material really bone?
    b. Is the bone animal or human?
    c. What is the biological profile?
    d. Where were the remains found?
A

d. Where were the remains found?

27
Q
  1. Which of these is the most useful trait for distinguishing between the male and female pelvis?
    a. sciatic notch
    b. the inferior lateral border of the ilium.
    c. pubic symphysis
A

Sciatic notch

28
Q
  1. How is forensic anthropology different from archaeology? Select the incorrect sentence.
    a. forensic anthropologists are trained specifically in human osteology and recovery of human remains, forensic archaeologists specialise more broadly in the processes of search and discovery.
    b. FA is the application of the study of humans to situations of modern legal or public concert while Archaeology is the overall study of past human cultures.
    c. FA uses datum as a central reference point where all measurements originate, where Archaeology uses a moveable reference point.
A

FA uses datum as a central reference point where all measurements originate, where Archaeology uses a moveable reference point.

29
Q
  1. How can you tell if something is bone?
A

Bones have pores from blood vessels

30
Q
  1. What is a biological profile?
A

Profile consisting for sex, age at death, race, height, and any other aspects that would describe the individual class-level information.

31
Q
  1. Name the two areas of the body that are the most accurate for estimating sex.
A

The pelvis (sciatic notch) and the skull

32
Q
  1. What is an epiphysis?
    a. the shaft or central part of a long bone.
    b. Between the left and right pubic bones near the midline of the body.
    c. The end part of a long bone, initially growing separately from the shaft.
A

c. The end part of a long bone, initially growing separately from the shaft.

33
Q
  1. What is the last epiphysis to fuse?
    a. Clavicle
    b. Pubic symphysis
    c. Last rib
A

Clavicle

34
Q
  1. Where is the pubic symphysis located?
A

Between the left and right pubic bones near the midline of the body.

35
Q
  1. What is the fourth left rib used for in forensic anthropology?
    a. Determining age of deceased.
    b. Determining gender of deceased.
    c. Determining whether it is human bone.
A

Determining AGEof deceased.

36
Q
  1. What needs to be known about a person before his or her stature can be calculated?
    a. Time of death
    b. Sex and ancestry.
    c. Location and identity
A

Sex and ancestry

37
Q
  1. What is another term for a bicuspid?
    a. Premolar
    b. Canines
    c. Wisdom teeth
A

Premolar

38
Q
  1. How many teeth do humans typically have?
    a. 32
    b. 36
    c. 30
A

32

39
Q
  1. When does the first adult molar erupt?
    a. 6-7 years
    b. 8-9 years
    c. 5-6 years
A

6-7 Years

40
Q
  1. What are two methods of identification for skeletal remains?
    a. Fingerprint
    b. Dental analysis
    c. DNA analysis
    d. Cranial and Postcranial Ancestry Estimation
A

Dental & DNA

41
Q
  1. What are some differences between the pelvises of males and females? Choose the incorrect sentence.
    a. The female pelvis is larger and wider with a larger angle of the tailbone.
    b. The male is larger but the female pelvis is wider.
    c. The tailbone on the male is sharper and out of the birth canal.
A

The female pelvis is larger and wider with a larger angle of the tailbone.

42
Q
  1. What bone is the most accurate for estimating height?
    a. The age of the bone.
    b. Any long bone from the lower limb
    c. Any bone in the body
A

Any long bone from the lower limb

43
Q
  1. Three ways to estimate age. Choose one that is incorrect.
    a. The pelvic bones
    b. Pubic symphysis
    c. the ribs
    d. the continuous remodelling of bone’s cellular structure
A

Pubic symphysis- used for gender ID

44
Q
  1. Wounds or breaks that occur near the time of death is called?
    a. Perimortem injuries
    b. Antemortem injuries
    c. Post mortem injuries
A

Perimortem injuries

45
Q

Why is ancestry such a complex concept? Select all that applies.

a. Ancestry connects genetics and society in fundamental ways.
b. to assess someone’s ancestry in life is not well demonstrated in the skeleton.
c. The combination of blurred ancestral categories and popular perception, not to mention people’s racial self-identity, make ancestry one of the most difficult estimations in a forensic anthropolo- gist’s examination.
d. Ancestry is the geographic region or ancestral origin of an individual, but people move around to different countries or have mixed races which can be hard to distinguish.
e. All of the above.

A

e. All of the above.

46
Q
  1. How does forensic anthropology differ from pathology? Select all that applies.
    a. Forensic pathologists are medical doctors that specialise in forensic pathology.
    b. Forensic anthropologists concentrate mainly on bony anatomy.
    c. Forensic pathologist concentrate only on cause of death.
    d. All of the above.
A

a. Forensic pathologists are medical doctors that specialise in forensic pathology.
b. Forensic anthropologists concentrate mainly on bony anatomy.

47
Q
  1. If you had only the pelvic bones of a deceased individual, what could you tell about that person?
    a. the most reliable means for determining the gender of skeletal remains.
    b. the most reliable means for determining the sex of skeletal remains.
    c. among the most reliable estimators of age at death.
A

a. the most reliable means for determining the sex of skeletal remains.

48
Q
  1. True or False: the morphological changes of the pubic symphysis are considered by the majority of anthropologists to be among the most reliable estimators of age at death.
A

True

Intro to Forensic Science (15 decks)

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