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lessons > Anthropology Key Concepts > Flashcards

Anthropology Key Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

Acculturation

A

Cultural change related to contact with another culture.

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2
Q

Agency

A

the capacity of human beings to act in meaningful ways that
affect their own lives and those of others.

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3
Q

Authority

A

Power is exercised with the consent of others.

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4
Q

Belief and knowledge

A

A set of convictions, values and viewpoints regarded as “the truth” and shared by members of a social group.

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5
Q

Capitalism

A

An economic and political system in which a society’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.

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6
Q

Change

A

The alteration or modification of cultural or social elements in a society.

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7
Q

Causation

A

The capacity of one cultural feature to influence another.

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8
Q

Class

A

Division of people in a society based on social and economic status.

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9
Q

Classification

A

Assigning common knowledge to describe a large number of people or things as belonging to a recognizable system.

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10
Q

Colonization

A

Acquiring full or partial political control over another country.

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11
Q

Commodification

A

The transformation of goods and services, as well as concepts that normally may not be considered goods, into a commodity, something of value.

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12
Q

Community

A

A group of people who share a common interest, ecology, locality, or a common social system/structure.

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13
Q

Conflict

A

Conflict theory presents a lense, or framework, which can give anthropologists insight into the social impact of disharmony.

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14
Q

Consumption

A

The meaningful use that people make of the objects that are associated with them.

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15
Q

Contextualization

A

Making sense of anthropological data in terms of the situation or location in which it was obtained.

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16
Q

Cosmology

A

Social groups perceive the universe and describe their relationship with it in different ways.

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17
Q

Cosmopolitanism

A

Communities include individuals who live together with cultural difference.

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18
Q

Culture

A

Culture refers to organized systems of symbols, ideas, explanations, beliefs
and material production that humans create and manipulate in the course of their daily lives.

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19
Q

Diachronic

A

A diachronic perspective in anthropology seeks to understand society
and culture as the product of development through time, shaped by many
different forces, both internal and external.

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20
Q

Diaspora

A

The dispersal of peoples from homelands to establish new, migrated communities in other places.

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21
Q

Discourse

A

Written or spoken intellectual communication or debate in a discipline such as anthropology.

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22
Q

Embodiment

A

The process by which people incorporate biologically the social and material world in which they live.

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23
Q

Empirical

A

Anthropological data is acquired through first-hand participant observation, rather than secondary research.

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24
Q

Enculturation

A

The gradual acquisition of the characteristics and norms of a culture or group.

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25
Q

Ethics

A

The principles of conduct governing an individual or group; concerns for what is right or wrong, good or bad.

26
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

The tendency to view the world only from the perspective of one’s own culture; the inability to understand cultures different from one’s own.

27
Q

Ethnicity

A

A social group is connected by a shared understanding of cultural identity.

28
Q

Ethnography

A

Writing culture; articles and books written by anthropologists following
fieldwork research; the process of participant observation or fieldwork.

29
Q

Ethnozoology

A

The study of how human cultures interact with and use animals.

30
Q

Family

A

A term covering a range of meanings in terms of the relatedness and connection of people. It may refer to a domestic group or household, or a wider kinship network.

31
Q

Gender

A

The culturally constructed distinctions between males and females.

32
Q

Globalization

A

The tendency towards increasing global interconnections in the culture, economy and social life.

33
Q

Hegemony

A

The cultural or political dominance of one social group over others; cultural processes through which the ruling classes maintain their power.

33
Q

Habitus

A

Pierre Bourdieu holds that socialized norms guide people’s behaviour and thinking.

34
Q

Holism

A

The whole of a social system is identified as being more than just the individuals who participate in it.

34
Q

Health

A

Anthropologists examine how human beings’ efforts to secure health and treat illness are impacted by cultural processes.

35
Q

Identity

A

Identity can refer either to the individual’s private and personal view of the self or the view of an individual in the eyes of the social group.

36
Q

Ideology

A

The system of social and moral ideas of a group of people; a commitment to central values.

37
Q

Localization

A

A social group’s specific adaptation of the influences of globalization.

38
Q

Marginality

A

Human dimensions used as a basis for social exclusion

39
Q

Materiality

A

Objects, resources and belongings have cultural meaning and are embedded within all kinds of social relations and practices.

40
Q

Mechanized body

A

The body may be perceived as a machine consisting of organic parts.

41
Q

Modified body

A

The human body is deliberately altered for cultural reasons or aesthetic reasons

42
Q

Morality

A

Adherence to the rules or norms of a social group.

43
Q

Participant observation

A

During fieldwork an anthropologist immerses himself or herself in the life
of the social group he or she is studying, actively observing, interviewing and writing detailed field notes.

44
Q

Personhood

A

Culturally constructed concept of the individual human being, the “self”.

45
Q

Post-colonialism

A

Study of the legacy of the colonial era and the residual political, cultural, socio-economic, and psychological effects.

46
Q

Positionality

A

The effect an anthropologist’s own subjectivity might have on how he or she interprets observations and experience.

47
Q

Power

A

A person’s or group’s capacity to influence, manipulate or control others and
resources.

48
Q

Race

A

A socially constructed category of identification of people based on physical characteristics, ancestry, historical affiliation, or shared culture.

49
Q

Religion

A

A system of symbols that acts to establish understandings of existence is such a way that it is realistic to its followers.

50
Q

Ritualized body

A

The body may be the focus of ritual practice.

51
Q

Self

A

The individual’s social self is the product of social interaction and not the biological preconditions of that interaction.

52
Q

Social relations

A

Any relationship between two or more individuals in a network of
relationships.

53
Q

Society

A

Society refers to the way in which humans organize themselves in groups
and networks.

54
Q

Subaltern

A

Refers to social groups that are socially and politically outside of the hegemonic power structure of the society. This term particularly relates to colonial and post-colonial contexts.

55
Q

Symbolism

A

Symbolism is the study of the significance that people attach to objects, actions, and processes creating networks of symbols through which they
construct a culture’s web of meaning.

56
Q

The other

A

Anthropologists use the term “the Other” to describe the way people who are members of a particular social group perceive other people who are not members.

57
Q

bourgiouse

A

upper class in marxist theory

58
Q

proloteriat

A

lower class in marxist theory

lessons (5 decks)

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