Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anthropology 208 > Anthropological Perspective on Health and Illness (Chap 2+3) > Flashcards

Anthropological Perspective on Health and Illness (Chap 2+3) Flashcards

Medical Anthropology, Healers and Healing, Evolutions and Health

1
Q

Anthropology

A

discipline investigating the nature and causes of human variations and those aspects of life that are common to all humanity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Franz Boas

A

Father of Anthropology
Cultural Relativism
- Did not view cultural change as a progression from primitive to civilized but rather as simply unique adaptations to their own particular circumstances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cultural Relativism

A

Other cultures must not be evaluated in relation to another judged superior, rather cultures must be understood or “made sense of” in their own terms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

4 Fields of Anthropology

A

Biologica
Cultural
Linguistic
Archaeology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ethnomedicine

A

Healing traditions of a given culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Culture Concept

A

Culture = patterns of behaviour common to a group
Ethnographic Fieldwork = systematic description of human culture requiring residence in a community
Participant - Observation = The participation in yet detached observance of a groups behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Emic

A

Insiders view who is a member of a society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

etic

A

Outsiders view, observing behaviour from a distance with no prior knowledge of its emic meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Biocultural Perspective

A

Considers social, ecological and biological aspects of health issues and how these interact within and across populations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Biomedicine

A

Form of Medicine Developed out of the scientific tradition of the 18th Century Europe - Views disease as having a uniquely biological cause within the body
Cultural System within itself - predominant ethnomedical system of the west

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Culture

A

Beliefs, values and traditions of a group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Holism

A

Entirety of culture (i.e Tribal Group) - what anthropology is primarily concerned with

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Health

A

Positive + Negative Definition - What Health is and What Health isn’t
Alma Ata conference 1978 - “a state of complete social psychological and physical wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Disease

A

Physiological alteration that impairs function
Derived from biomedical science
Injury, infection, malnutrition, genetic, chronic , psychological or behavioural
Diagnosed by a doctor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Illness

A

Subjective experience of symptoms/suffering and motivates people to seek out assistance
What you believe is happening to you

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sickness

A

Sick Roles - recognized set of expectations for sick people (not working, not writing exams etc..)
sickness must be recognized in our culture - Doc’s note
People lobby for certain conditions to be recognized and when they are not recognized a stigma can be attached to them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Biomedical

A

fixed state of health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

biocultural

A

range of variation

19
Q

Epidemiology

A

Study of determinates of a disease in a population and application to health problems
Descriptive Epidemiology - Who/what/when/where
Analytics Epidemiology - How/Why

20
Q

Incidence Rate

A

Number of new cases in a population over a period of time

21
Q

Prevalence

A

Number of cases in a population over a period of time

22
Q

Epidemic

A

Occurrence of more cases in a population in a period of time

23
Q

Pandemic

A

Epidemic in a broad area

24
Q

Endemic

A

Constant presence of a disease in a population

25
Q

Morbidity

A

Departure from state of well being (disease)

26
Q

Mortality

A

Death

27
Q

Mortality Rate

A

Frequency of death occurrence in a period of time

28
Q

Medical Pluralism

A

Multiple healing systems in a culture -cultural beliefs and relationship to other traditions
Common in State Level Societies
Alternative Medicines replace biomedical practices
Ethnocentrism and Ethnomediocentric Bias

29
Q

Adaptationism

A

View that most traits are “optimal adaptations”

Speices may be successful in but poorly adapted to their environment

30
Q

Behavioral Adaptability

A

Important in Humans because we have large brains
Good at Niche- Constructing (modify Landscape/change env)
Changes present challenges in the future

31
Q

Biological Normalcy

A

Needed to understand disease and to establish a relationship between traits and increased/decreased risk of disease
State Vs. Range
Can be applied to what appears to be “abnormal states”
HOWEVER, abnormality can be applied to what are infact normal states
Medicalization and Pathologization

32
Q

Alternative Medicine

A

Medical practices that are undertaken to replace standard biomedicine practice

33
Q

Complementary Medicines

A

Used in conjunction with standard biomedical practice

34
Q

Healers

A

Restore health
Strongly influenced by culture
Different cultures have different criteria for becoming a healer

35
Q

Systematicity

A

Evidence-Based Medicine
Differential diagnosis/decision making trees
Existence of such efforts suggest a response to non systematic nature of such practices

36
Q

Evolution and Health

A

Much of the concern is what we are NOT adapted for - mismatch
Mistmatch between the environment we have evolved FOR and the environment we’re in right now

37
Q

Natural Selection

A
  1. Variation in a Population
  2. Variations are genetically heritable
  3. Organisms compete for limited resources
38
Q

More favorable Traits

A

More successful in

  1. Surviving
  2. Reproducing
  3. Naturally selected over time
39
Q

Fitness

A

Relative ability of an organism to survive and transmit its genes

40
Q

Recognizing an adaptation

A
  1. Trait is a variation of an earlier form
  2. Trait is Heritable
  3. Trait enhances reproductive success
41
Q

Context of Adaptations

A

Context Specific or Environment of Evolutionary adaptation

42
Q

Peppered Moth

A

Industrial melanism in England - White moths favoured before industrialization as they blend with the tree bark. After industrialization and the trees are covered in soot, the black moths now blend in with the trees and are thus favoured.

43
Q

Adaptation Implications

A

Involve Trade Offs
Maximize fitness NOT health
e.g Humans walk up right but can’t move very quickly

Anthropology 208 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions