Anthro test 4

Question 1

cultural ecology

Answer 1

the analysis of the relationship between a culture and its environment

Question 2

Foraging (1)

Answer 2

food collection may generally be defined as a strategy whereby humans gather, hunt, scavenge, or fish to obtain their food from plants and animals found in the wild

Question 3

Horticulture (2)

Answer 3

Plant cultivation carried out with relatively simple tools and methods; nature is allowed to replace nutrients in the soil, in the absence of permanently cultivated fields.

Question 4

Intensive agriculture (3)

Answer 4

Food production characterized by the permanent cultivation of fields and made possible by the use of the plow, draft animals or machines, fertilizers, irrigation, water- storage techniques, and other complex agricultural techniques.

Question 5

Pastoralism (4)

Answer 5

A form of subsistence technology in which food- getting is based directly or indirectly on the maintenance of domesticated animals.

Question 6

Industrialism (5)

Answer 6

factories/ manufacture 
Work place away from home 
Nuclear family replaces extended family 
Wage earners 
Relies on tech sources of energy us 
Animal energy 
Motorized equipment

Question 7

Post-industrialism (6)

Answer 7

Service economy (what we are) 
We don’t produce goods we produce services

Question 8

4 Types of Political Organizations

Answer 8

1) band
2) tribe
3) chief ton
4) state tiv

Question 9

Transhumance

Answer 9

the action or practice of moving livestock from one grazing ground to another in a seasonal cycle, typically to lowlands in winter and highlands in summer.

Question 10

Kula Ring

Answer 10

reciprocal exchange

Question 11

Potlatch

Answer 11

gift giving but it is illegal

Question 12

Sociobiology

Answer 12

Interested in social organization and social behavior
Animals and humans
Robin Fox and Lionel tiger IE. Male bonding (men like hanging out with each other)

Question 13

Behavioral Ecology

Answer 13

Interested in how all kinds of behavior are related to the environment
Animals and humans
Hamadryas Harlem: Baboon hair

Question 14

Evolutionary Psychology

Answer 14

Natural selection works on behavioral characteristics of populations
Evolutionary discordance hypothesis

Question 15

Gender Model

Answer 15

Innate conditions in the material realm, are elaborated differently by different cultures (cultural constructions)

Question 16

Personhood

Answer 16

when does a human being become a human being??, debatable

, menarche and menopause,

Question 17

Sex

Answer 17

a biologically (genetically) determined difference between males and females

Question 18

Gender

Answer 18

social roles, then cultural assignment of personal qualities and activities for each sex

Question 19

Multiple Sexes

Answer 19

Intersexxes/ hermaphorditism (32 types)

Question 20

5 ARD

Answer 20

five alpha phase reductase hermaphroditism
Dominican Republic
Sambia

Question 21

Dominican Republic

Answer 21

Penis at 12 or Balls at 12 
Doctors and Aty’s 
Guevedoche/ 3rd sex and 3rd gender  
Unable to reproduce 
Husband material (2nd husband)

Question 22

Sambia/ PNG

Answer 22

Gilbert Herdt
3 sexes and 2 genders
Kwolu- aatmwol
Middle Sex by Jefrey Eugenides

Question 23

Supernumerary Gender

Answer 23

Alternate gender roles for females

1) Manly- hearted females
2) Female husbands and fathers (lineage/ subsistence)
3) Nandi (Africa)