ANTH 2-5 Flashcards
Strepsirrhini
Inward-turning nose
Haplorrhini
single/simple nose
Platyrrhini
flat nose
catarrhini
down-nose
strepsirrhines
smaller brain size
faster life history
tooth comb
consists of 2 infraorders: lemuriformes & lorisiformes
strepsirrhines: lemuriformes
Lemurs
Madagascar
adaptive radiaton
many extinct giant species
quadrupedal walking
vertical clinging & leaping
strepsirrhines: lorisiformes
Lorises:
Africa and asia
SUPER slow movement
Galagos (Bushbabies)
Africa only
speed demons
haplorhines
tarsiers
dry nose
no tapetum lucidum
relatively larger brain
fused frontal bone
reduced snout
postorbital wall
Platyrrhines
Central and South American forests
Ancestral dental formula (2.1.3.3)
quadrupedal walking/suspensory climbing
prehensile tails
catarrhines
monkeys & apes found in Asia & Africa
have a larger body size and more diverse habitats than Platyrrhines
2.1.2.3 Dental Formula
bony ear tube
catarrhines: cercopithecines
long digestive transit time
ample time for resting and socializing
hind-gut fermenters
cheekpouches
macaques, baboons, vervet monkeys
catarrhines: cercopithecines: Macaques
widespread (Asia, Africa)
frugivorous
23 species
terrestrial & arboreal
strong female social bonds
commensal
catarrhines: cercopithecines: baboons
sub-saharan africa
omnivorous
6 species
terrestrial
strong female social bonds
model for human evolution
catarrhines: cercopithecines: other species
guenons
mandrills, drills
mangabeys
geladas
Catarrhines: Hominoids (apes)
relatively large brains and bodies
tail-less
suspensory, orthograde climbers
Shoulders allow 360 rotation
Unspecialized molars (Y-5 peaks)
Catarrhines: Hominoids: Hylobatids
gibbons & siamangs
SE Asia
brachiators
pair bonding
Catarrhines: Hominoids: Pongo
orangutans
asia
clambering
frugivores
solitary
slowest life history
Catarrhines: Hominoids: Gorillas
africa (outer congo river)
terrestrial knuckle walking
largest ape
1-male, multi-female groups
folivores (w/some fruit)
Catarrhines: Hominoids: pan trogolodytes
chimpanzees
africa (outer congo river)
terrestrial knuckle-walking
ripe fruit specialists
males intensely social (hunting/violent conflicts with neighbors)
model for human evolution
Catarrhines: Hominoids: Pan paniscus
bonobos
africa (inner congo river)
terrestrial knuckle-walking
more diverse diet than chimps
females intensely social
model for human evolution
folivores
a herbivore that specializes in eating leaves.
