ANTH 1-6 Flashcards
scientific reasoning
A specific empirical approach that builds upon previous research while seeking to destroy its basic tenets.
key components of scientific reasoning
Is the source of information credible?
Does the source have the expertise to vouch for the claim?
Is there a consensus among the relevant scientific experts?
Why are some people skeptical of science?
mistrust in institutions, misunderstanding scientific methods, personal beliefs or values, or exposure to misinformation.
What is the ladder of abstraction
a framework that illustrates how language can shift from specific, concrete terms to broader, more abstract concepts.
gender
Socially and culturally constructed roles, behaviors, expressions, and
identities of gender-diverse
people.
Biological Sex
Biological attributes of animals (including humans) based on physical features, chromosomes, gene
expression, hormones, and
anatomy
People have used a variety of ways to define biological sex
Development of sex organs
* Hormones
* Chromosomes
* Gamete (sex cell) size
Convergent Evolution
when a similar trait arises in different populations due to independent adaptive processes
Balanced Polymorphism
maintenance of allelic variation because selection favors heterozygotes
Heterozygote advantage:
situation where the heterozygote has greater fitness than homozygotes
Codominance
the effects of both alleles in a genotype are expressed in the phenotype
All humans have two forms of melanin:
eumelanin and pheomelanin
More eumelanin = Darker skin color
* More pheomelanin = Lighter skin color
What is the difference between an adaptation and phenotypic plasticity?
An adaptation is a genetic change in a population over time that improves survival or reproduction, while phenotypic plasticity is the ability of an individual to alter its phenotype in response to environmental changes without genetic alterations.
True or False? Qualitative data allows for unbiased comparisons between objects.
false
Which of the following is NOT a function of bones?
store minerals and fat
store marrow
protect organs
** build muscles **
The human dental formula is 2:1:2:3, which means that, on average, humans have a total of ____ teeth in their mouth.
32
______________ produces new alleles of a gene, while ______________ produces new combinations of alleles.
Mutation; crossover
Alfred Russell Wallace
Co-discoverer of evolution by natural selection
Charles Darwin
Co-discoverer of evolution by natural selection
Jean Baptiste Lamark
Proposed evolution occurred through the inheritance of acquired traits
DNA Replication step 1: Unzipping
The DNA molecule unwinds and unzips as an enzyme (helicase) breaks the base pairs apart.
DNA Replication Step 2: Building
Another enzyme (DNA polymerase) adds new matching bases to each open strand.
step 3
Two identical DNA molecules are formed, each with one old strand and one new strand (semi-conservative replication)
