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Endocrinology > Anterior Pituitary > Flashcards

Anterior Pituitary Flashcards

1
Q

Secretes hormones in response to signals from the h____________

A

hypothalamus

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2
Q

The anterior pituitary
has no arterial blood
supply but receives
blood through a
p_____ v_____
circulation from the
hypothalamus

A

portal venous

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3
Q

ACTH only regulates c_______

A

cortisol

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4
Q

What factors influence whether the hypothalamus releases CRH?

A

Stress, cytokines and diurnal rhythm

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5
Q

What does CRH stimulate the pituitary to release?

A

ACTH

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6
Q

What does ACTH stimulate the adrenal gland to release?

A

Cortisol

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7
Q

What does production of cortisol cause in hypothalamus and pituitary?

A

Inhibits them from secreting CRH and ACTH (respectively) - negative feedback

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8
Q

What inhibits pituitary releasing GH?

A

Somatostatin

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9
Q

What does TRH released by the hypothalamus cause the pituitary to release?

A

TSH

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10
Q

What does TSH stimulate the thyroid to produce?

A

Thyroxine

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11
Q

What does thyroxine do to hypothalamus and pituitary?

A

Inhibit them from making TRH and TSH (respectively) - negative feedback

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12
Q

LH stimulates

A

sex hormone secretion

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13
Q

FSH stimulates

A

development of follicles

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14
Q

Absense of LH and/or FSH leads to

A

infertility and hypogonadism

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15
Q

In males, LH stimulates…

A

Leydig cells to make testosterone

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16
Q

Testosterone inhibits the secretion of

A

LH and FSH

17
Q

In males, FSH stimulates _______ cells to release inhibin

A

Sertoli

18
Q

Inhibin inhibits the secretion of…

A

FSH

19
Q

Prolactin is essential for

A

lactation

20
Q

Prolactin inhibits gonadal activity through suppression of ____ so decreased LH/FSH

A

GnRH

21
Q

PRL has circadian rhythm with peak during

A

sleep

22
Q

Symptoms of acromegaly

A

Sweating, headaches, aching (osteoarthritis), snoring / sleep apnoea

23
Q

Clinical features of acromegaly

A

Leonine facies, broad nose, thick lips
Spade like hands
Increase in ring, hat and shoe size
Skin thickening
Hypertension
Diabetes

24
Q

Cushing disease features

A

Central obesity, moon face, “buffalo hump”

Collagen/protein: Thin skin, striae,
easy bruising, myopathy, osteoporosis

Androgen excess: Acne, hirsutism,
amenorrhoea

Other: Hypertension, depression,
diabetes, immunosuppression

25
Q

Sequence of hypopituitarism

A

GH then LH/FSH then ACTH then TSH

26
Q

Common causes of hypopituitarism

A

pituitary tumours
Pituitary surgery / radiotherapy / infarction
Congenital
Moderate-severe Head injuries

Endocrinology (4 decks)

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