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Endocrinology > Adrenal physiology > Flashcards

Adrenal physiology Flashcards

1
Q

The 3 layers of the cortex of adrenal gland

A

Zona glomerulosa
Zona fasciculata
Zona reticularis

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2
Q

What is synthesised at the zona glomerulosa?

A

Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

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3
Q

What is synthesised at the zona fasciculata?

A

glucortiticoids (cortisol)

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4
Q

What is synthesised at the zona reticularis?

A

Androgens (DHEA, androstenedione)

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5
Q

What is synthesised in the medulla?

A

Catecholamines

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6
Q

What is the precursor for all adrenal steroidogenesis?

A

Cholesterol`

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7
Q

Corticosteroids have a cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene structure which consists of _ cyclohexane rings and a single cyclopentane ring

A

3

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8
Q

Corticosteroids are _____ soluble so can pass through biological membranes

A

lipid

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9
Q

Corticosteroids bind to specific _____________ receptors

A

intracellular

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10
Q

Corticosteroids alter gene ______________ directly or indirectly

A

transcription

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11
Q

Steroids are classified according to number of _______

A

carbons

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12
Q

ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) stimulates ______________ synthesis acutely

A

corticosteroid

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13
Q

Glucocorticoids are synthesised in which layers of adrenal gland?

A

Zona fasciculata and reticularis

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14
Q

Glucocorticoids are important in ___________ eg conditioning the body’s response to stress

A

homeostasis

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15
Q

Glucocorticoids increase _______ mobilisation

A

glucose

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16
Q

Glucocorticoids augment gluconeogenesis, amino acid generation and increased l________

A

lipolysis

17
Q

Glucocorticoids help maintain circulation via v_______ tone and salt and water balance

A

vascular

18
Q

Glucocorticoids dampen the i_____ response

A

immune

19
Q

In the circulation, glucocorticoids are heavily bound to ________

A

proteins

20
Q

90% of glucocorticoids are bound to ___

A

CBG (Corticosteroid-Binding Globulin)

21
Q

ACTH regulates ______________ synthesis

A

glucocorticoid

22
Q

CRH stimulates ____ release

A

ACTH

23
Q

For around _ days after a surgical operation, there isn’t the normal diurnal rhythm

A

3-4

24
Q

Mineralocorticoids are synthesised in the zona ..

A

glomerulosa

25
Q

Main mineralocorticoids are a__________ and ___

A

aldosterone and ___

26
Q

What does aldosterone lead to in kidneys?

A

More Na+ transporters and Na+/K+ ATPase, so more Na+ is reabsorbed

27
Q

Aldosterone defeciency causes the plasma to have ___ sodium levels and ____ potassium levels

A

low sodium, high potassium

28
Q

Aldosterone deficiency causes the urine to have ____ sodium levels and ___ potassium levels

A

high sodium and low potassium

29
Q

E-cortisone is inactivated _________

A

cortisol

30
Q

DHEA (______________________) is the most abundant adrenal steroid but very weak androgen

A

dehydroepiandrosterone

31
Q

The main site for adrenaline synthesis is

A

the adrenal medulla

32
Q

Relative production of catecholamines:
adrenaline = __%
noradrenaline = __%

A

adrenaline = 80%
noradrenaline = 20%

33
Q

Normal catecholamine synthesis depends on high local c_______ levels

A

cortisol

Endocrinology (4 decks)

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