Anterior Leg and Dorsum of Foot

Question 1

What are the 4 muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 1

Tibialis anterior

Extensor digitorum longus

extensor hallucis longus

fibularis tertius

(ticklish damsels hate fucking teases)

Question 2

What is the general function of the anterior leg muscles?

Answer 2

dorsiflexes the foot and exteds the toes

Question 3

Which two anterior musles also inverts the foot at the subtalar and transverse tarsal joints?

Answer 3

the tibialis anterior and the fibularis tertius

Question 4

How is the anterior compartment of the leg innervated?

Answer 4

the deep fibular nerve

Question 5

The deep fibular nerve divides into what? where?

Answer 5

medial and lateral branches on the dorsum of the foot

Question 6

THe anterior tibial artery runs with what nerve along the interosseous membrane?

Answer 6

the deep fibular nerve

Question 7

What do the anterior tibial artery and vein become in the foot?

Answer 7

the dorsalis pedis artery and vein

Question 8

What prevents bowstringing of the muscles in the anterior compartment?

Answer 8

the extensor retinacula

Question 9

What are the two muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 9

the fibularis longus and fibularis brevis

Question 10

What do the lateral compartment muscles do?

Answer 10

they both plantarflex the foot and evert the foot at the subtalar and transverse tarsal joints

Question 11

How is the lateral compartment innervated?

Answer 11

the superficial fibular nerve (branch of the common fibular nerve)

Question 12

What holds the fibular muscles in place as they pass behind the lateral malleolus?

Answer 12

the fibular retinacula

Question 13

WHat muscle has tendons that arise from the calcaneus and join the tendons of the extensor digitorum longus?

Answer 13

the extensor digitorum brevis

Question 14

WHat is the medial part of the extensor digitorum brevis called?

Answer 14

the extensor hallucis brevis

Question 15

What does the dorsalis pedis artery terminate as? What part gives off dibital branches to the toes?

Answer 15

terminates as the first dorsal metatarsal artery and deep plantar arteries

the arcuate artery is what gives off digital branches to the toes

Question 16

How does the deep fibular nerve terminate?

Answer 16

as a digital branch that supplies the cleft between the first and second toes

Question 17

WHat nerve supplies the majority of the cutaneous dorsum of the foot?

Answer 17

the superficial fibular nerve

the deep fibular nerve just does the area between the 1st and 2nd toes and the surfal nerve does the very lateral part

Question 18

Why are so many ligaments and cartilage layers necessary for the knee?

Answer 18

because it’s inherently unstable since the condyles are round and the tibial plateau is flat

Question 19

What ligaments run down the sides of the knee?

Answer 19

the fibular collateral ligament

the tibial collateral ligament

Question 20

When are the collateral ligaments taut?

Answer 20

when the knee is extended

Question 21

What are the 2 instrinsic ligaments in the knee joint?

Answer 21

the anterior cruciate ligament and the posterior cruciate ligament

Question 22

Where do the ACL and PCL attach? What is their function?

Answer 22

ACL attaches anteriorly on the tibia = prevents hyperestension (posterior displacement of the tibia on the femur

PCL attaches posteriorly on the tibia = prevents anterior displacement of the femur or posterior displacement of the tibia.

Question 23

The PCL tightens during knee…

Answer 23

flexion

Question 24

Which is stronger, the ACL or PCL?

Answer 24

PCL

Question 25

What are the menisci?

Answer 25

they are concave fibrocartilage pads on the tibia that cradles the founded femoral condyles they are shock absorbers attach to the articular cartilage paripherally.

Question 26

What areas of the menisci will heal better?

Answer 26

the outer portions - they get their blood supply peripherally

Question 27

What shape is the medial meniscus?lateral meniscus?

Answer 27

medial is c-shaped the lateral is circular

Question 28

Why do injuries to the tibial collateral ligament often involve the medial meniscus as well? Why is the same not true for the lateral meniscus and the fibular collateral ligament?

Answer 28

because the medial meniscus is attached firmly to the tibial collateral ligament. it's not the case for the lateral meniscus because the fibular collateral ligament is separated from the joint by the popliteus muscle

Question 29

What nerve is the most commonly injured nerve in the body? Why?

Answer 29

the common fibular nerve it's superficially located against the head of the fibula

Question 30

What major symptoms comes with common fibular nerve injury?

Answer 30

foot drop = paralysis of dorsiflexors and evertors of the foot associated with a high steppage gait

Question 31

What happens in compartment syndrome?

Answer 31

it's an overuse injury where muscles swell within a closed compartment the pressure causes loss of muscle and nerve function

Question 32

what is the treatment for an emergent compartment syndrome?

Answer 32

a fasciotomy to relieve the pressure

Question 33

What is a mild compartment syndrome in the anterior compartment known as?

Answer 33

shin splints

Question 34

What are the four bursa of the knee that communicate with the synovial cavity? Which three do NOT communicate with the cavity?

Answer 34

suprapatellar bursa popliteus bursa gastrocnemius bursa semimembranous bursa and these don't: subcutaneous prepatellar bursa subcutaneous infraptellar bursa deep infrapatellar bursa

Question 35

Bursitis of what bursa causes housemaid's knee?

Answer 35

subcutaneous prepatellar bursa

Question 36

bursitis of what bursa causes clergyman's knee?

Answer 36

subcutaneous infraptellar bursa

Question 37

What happens in ski boot syndrome?

Answer 37

compression of the deep fibular nerve deep to the inferior band of the extensor retinacuum usually from wearing a tight shoe symptoms include pain in the dorsum of foot radiating to 1st and 2nd web space. Also associated with edema in the anterior compartment of the leg.

Question 38

The cruciate ligaments of the knee are ____ the joint capsule but ____ the synovial membrane.

Answer 38

inside the joint capsule outside of the synovial membrane

Question 39

What happens in the unhappy triad?

Answer 39

a football injury caused by a blow to the lateral side of the knee tears the: ACL medial meniscus tibial collateral ligament

Question 40

What is the most commonly injured joint in the body?

Answer 40

the talocrural joint of the ankle.

Question 41

Which ligaments are injured in an eversion sprain? An inversion sprain?

Answer 41

the deltoid (medial) ligaments are sprained in an eversion the lateral collateral ligaments are sprained in an inversion (much more common)

Question 42

What is a pott's fracture?

Answer 42

in forced eversion of the foot, the deltoid ligaments are strained and can avulse the medial malleolus the talus moves laterally and breaks the distal fibula

Question 43

Which ligament is most commonly sprained in the ankle?

Answer 43

anterior talofibular ligament

Question 44

WHy are children more likely to break their ankles than sprain them?

Answer 44

their ligaments are very tough