Anterior and Medial Thigh

Question 1

Which muscle pills on the IT band to stabilize the knee and weakly rotate the hip?

Answer 1

the tensor fascia latae

Question 2

the anterior compartment of the thigh is the ___ compartment.

Answer 2

the extensor compartment

Question 3

Where does the great saphenous vein start? WHere does it terminate?

THrough what space does it travel to reach its termination point?

Answer 3

starts: medial end of the dorsal venous arch of the foot
end: femoral vein

passes through an opening in the fascia lata called the saphenous opening

Question 4

What veins connect the superficial saphenous veing to the deep veins?

Answer 4

the perforating veins

Question 5

What happens to the superficial veins if the valves stop working?

Answer 5

The blood vlow will reverse direction towards the superficial veins, causing them to become tortuous and dilated

= varicose veins

Question 6

What is a saphenous cut down? WHere is it done?

Answer 6

When they use the saphenous vein for emergency transfusions when other IV access is unavailable.

it’s done 1 cm in fronf of the medial malleolus - the great saphenous vein is always there.

Question 7

What muscle allows us to sit cross legged?

In other words, it flexes/laterally rotates hip and flexes/medially fotates knee

Answer 7

the sartorius muscle

Question 8

What nerve innervates the sartorius muscle?

Answer 8

the femoral nerve

Question 9

Where does the ilipsoas run from? WHat does it do?

Answer 9

from the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae to down to the lesser trochanter of the femur

It flexes the hip joint

Question 10

How is the iliopsoas muscle innervated?

Answer 10

by the femoral nerve and the anterior rami of the lumbar plexus

Question 11

What does the pectineus do?

Answer 11

It adducts and flexes the thigh at the hip joint. (stretches from the pubis down and over to inferior of the lesser trochanter

Question 12

How is the pectineus innervated?

Answer 12

femoral nerve

Question 13

What are the 4 muscles of the quadriceps femoris?

Answer 13

rectus femoris

vastus lateralis

vastus intermedius

vastus medialis

Question 14

What do the quadricepts attach to distally?

Answer 14

to the patella and tibial tuberosity through the quadriceps tendon.

Question 15

What do the quadricepts do?

Answer 15

they extend the leg

Question 16

How are the quadriceps innervated?

Answer 16

femoral nerve

Question 17

What ligament runs from the patella to the tibial tuberosity?

Answer 17

the patellar ligament

Question 18

What branches of the lumbar plexus make up the femoral nerve?

Answer 18

L2, L3, and L4

Question 19

WHat are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

Answer 19

the inguinal ligament superiorly

the adductor longus medially

and the sartorius laterally

Question 20

WHat are the contents of the femoral triangle?

Answer 20

NAVEL (laterally to medially)

femoral Nerve, femoral Artery, femoral Vein, (empty), inguinal Lymph nodes

Question 21

What is the largest nerve coming off the lumbar plexus?

Answer 21

the femoral nerve

Question 22

What artery provides the main arterial supply to the lower limb?

Answer 22

the femoral artery

Question 23

THe femoral artery is a continuation of the ____ and becomes the _____ after it passes through the adductor hiatus.

Answer 23

continuation of the external iliac artery and beomes the popliteal artery

Question 24

The femoral artery branches off into the deep femoral artery, which gives rise to the ____ and the _____, as well as the 4 _____ to the posterior compartment of the thigh.

Answer 24

lateral circumflex femoral

medial circumflex femoral

perforating branches

Question 25

Which branch off the deep femoral artery supplies most of the circulation for the femur head and neck?

Answer 25

the medial circumflex femoral

Question 26

What two anastamoses supply blood to the lower imb in the event of an occlusion of the femoral artery above the origin of the deep femoral?

Answer 26

the cruciate anastomosis and the trochanteric anastamosis

Question 27

WHere do the inguinal lymph nodes draw from?

Answer 27

the superficial and deep afferents of the lower extremity, perineum, anus, and buttock

Question 28

What fascia encloses the femoral vessels and femoral canal (NOT the femoral nerve)?

Answer 28

the femoral sheath

Question 29

HOw many compartments does the femoral sheath have? WHat’s in them?

Answer 29

three compartments

1. lateral = femoral artery
2. inermediate = femoral vein
3. medial = the femoral canal with lymph nodes and fat.

Question 30

Where do femoral hernias go?

Answer 30

into the femoral canal - the third compartment of the femoral sheath

Question 31

Are femoral hernias more common in men or women?

Answer 31

in women - they have a wider pelvis and therefore a wider femoral ring through which the intestine can loop down into the femoral canal

Question 32

The medial compartment of the thigh is the ___ compartment.

Answer 32

the adductory compartment

Question 33

WHat 4 muscles are located in the medial compartment of the thigh?

Answer 33

1. gracilis
2. adductor longus
3. adductor brevis
4. adductor magnus

Question 34

What nerve supplies the thigh adductors? WHat’s the one exception?

Answer 34

THe obturator nerve supplies the adductors, except for the hamstring portion of the adductor magnus, which is supplied by the tibial nerve.

Question 35

The obturator artery and vein are tributaries off what?

Answer 35

the internal iliac artery and vein

Question 36

Why does Osgood-schlatter disease often occur in adolescents?

Answer 36

because they have growth plates at the tibial tuberosity that can be disrupted, leading to inflammation of the tuberosity and chronic recurring pain

Question 37

What nerve is tested with the patellar reflex?

Answer 37

the femoral nerve

(L2, L3 and L4)

Question 38

What muscles are injured in a “groin pull”

Answer 38

the proximal attachments of the adductor muscles of the thigh (and sometimes the flexors too)

Question 39

Which is the strongest flexor of the hip joint?

Answer 39

the ilipsoas muscle

Question 40

What two muscles combine to form the iliopsoas muscle?

Answer 40

the iliacus and the psoas

Question 41

What ligament lies within the hip joint?

Answer 41

The ligament to the head of the femur

It doesn’t actually hold the femur into the joint all that well - it’s mroe imporant for transmitting the artery to the head of the femur

Question 42

What are the three hip joint ligaments?

Answer 42

the ischiofemoral ligament

the illiofemoral ligament

pubofemoral ligament

Question 43

Which hip joint ligament is the weakest?

Answer 43

the ischiofemoral - in the posterior region

Question 44

What direction will the limb rotate in a femur fracture?

Answer 44

the limb will be laterally rotate and shorter

Question 45

Which are more common: posterior or anterior femur dislocations?

Answer 45

posterior

Question 46

Which muscle can sometimes become entrapped in a hip dislocation?

Answer 46

the iliopsoas