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Lower limb > Anterior Leg and Dorsum of Foot > Flashcards

Anterior Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards

1
Q

How are the tibia and fibula connected

A

Via two joints and a strong interosseous membrane

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2
Q

What articulates with the talus at the ankle joint

A

Distal end of tibia and fibula

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3
Q

What does the proximal part of the tibia form

A

Medial and lateral tibial condyles

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4
Q

What are the superior flattened surface of the condyles

A

Medial and lateral tibial plateaus

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5
Q

What do medial and lateral tibial plateaus articulate with

A

Femoral condyles to form the knee joint

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6
Q

Where does the patellar ligament insert

A

Tibial tuberosity - projects from the upper anterior surface of the tibia

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7
Q

What is the oblique ridge of bone on the posterior surface of the tibia

A

Soleal line

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8
Q

What forms part of the ‘socket’ for the talus which projects medially from the distal end of the bone (tibia)

A

Medial malleolus

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9
Q

Where does the common peroneal (fibular) nerve lie close to the bone

A

At the neck of the fibula

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10
Q

Where is a site for muscle attachment on the fibula

A

Shaft

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11
Q

What forms part of the ‘socket’ for the talus which projects medially from the distal end of the bone (fibula)

A

Lateral malleolus

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12
Q

What is the role of the foot and toes

A

Adapted for bipedal gait

Small joints of the foot allow it to deform and absorb shock when walking on uneven ground

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13
Q

Name the tarsal bones

A

Talus
Calcaneus (heel bone)
Navicular
Cuboid
Three cuneiforms - medial, intermediate, lateral

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14
Q

What bones make up the hindfoot

A

Talus
Calcaneus

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15
Q

What bones make up the midfoot

A

Navicular
Cuboid
Cuneiforms

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16
Q

How are the metatarsals number

A

1-5 from big toe (medial)

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17
Q

Name the bones of the digits

A

Phalanges

3 for toe
2 for 2-5

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18
Q

How are the three phalanges of the toes named

A

Proximal
Middle
Distal

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19
Q

How are the two phalanges of the big toe named

A

Proximal
Distal

20
Q

Joint with lies between metatarsals and the proximal phalanges

A

Metatarsophalangeal joints

21
Q

Joint lies between the phalanges

A

Interphalangeal joints

22
Q

What are the names of the interphalangeal joints between toes 2-5

A

Proximal
Distal

23
Q

Define dorsiflexion

A

At ankle joint

Toes point upwards

24
Q

Define plantarflexion

A

At ankle joint

Toes point to floor

25
Q

Define inversion

A

AT subtalar joint

Brings sole of foot medially

26
Q

Define eversion

A

At subtalar joint

Brings lateral border and sole of food laterally

27
Q

What separates the leg into compartments

A

Intermuscular septum

Anterior
Lateral
Posterior compartments

28
Q

What are the features of the anterior compartment of the leg

A

3 muscles

Arise from tibia, fibula and interosseous membrane

Act dorsiflexors (extensors) of the foot at the ankle joint and extensors of the toe

Innervated - deep peroneal nerve

29
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus

30
Q

Describe the tibialis anterior

A

Cross anterior aspect of ankle

Inserts onto medial cuneiform

Dorsiflexes and inverts the foot

31
Q

Describe the extensor hallucis longus

A

Extends big toe

Tendon crosses the anterior aspect of the ankle

Inserts onto the distal phalanx of the big toe

Dorsiflexes the foot at the ankle

32
Q

Describe extensor digitorum longus

A

Gives rise to 4 tendons

Crosses anterior aspect of ankle and inserts onto distal phalanges of toes 2-5 - extending them

Dorsiflexes the foot at the ankle

33
Q

Describe the extensor retinacula

A

Overlie the extensor tendons at the ankle joint

34
Q

Describe the lateral compartment of the leg

A

2 muscles

Attach to fibula

Evert the foot at the subtalar joint

Innervated by the superficial peroneal joint

35
Q

Name the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg

A

Peroneus longus

Peroneus brevis

36
Q

Describe the peroneus longus

A

More superficial muscle

Inserts into the plantar surface of the medial cuneiform bone

37
Q

Describe the peroneus brevis

A

Deeper muscle of the two

Inserts onto the base of the 5th metatarsal

38
Q

How do both lateral compartment muscles of the leg travel

A

Posterior to the lateral malleolus to their insertions in the foot

39
Q

Describe the path of the popliteal fossa

A

Bifurcates into anterior and posterior tibial arteries

Anterior tibial artery crosses the dorsum of foot - becomes dorsalis pedis artery

Dorsalis pedis artery gives branches that travel between the metatarsals and anastomose with arteries in the plantar aspect of the foot

40
Q

What is the anterior compartment of the leg supplied by

A

Anterior tibial artery

41
Q

What is the lateral compartment of the leg supplied by

A

Fibular artery - branch of the posterior tibial artery

42
Q

Where do deep veins run in the leg

A

Follow arteries

43
Q

What are the two major superficial veins of the leg which drain the foot

A

Great saphenous vein - travels anterior to the medial malleolus

Small saphenous vein - termination at the popliteal vein

44
Q

What are the branches of the common peroneal nerve

A

Superficial peroneal nerve - innervates lateral leg

Deep peroneal nerve - innervates muscles of the anterior leg

Both branches innervate regions of the skin of the leg

45
Q

What is the muscle of the dorsum of the foot

A

Extensor digitorum brevis

Lies laterally gives rise to 4 slender tendons that insert into toes 2-5

Innervates by deep peroneal nerve

Lower limb (3 decks)

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