Anterior Leg and Dorsum of Foot

Question 1

How are the tibia and fibula connected

Answer 1

Via two joints and a strong interosseous membrane

Question 2

What articulates with the talus at the ankle joint

Answer 2

Distal end of tibia and fibula

Question 3

What does the proximal part of the tibia form

Answer 3

Medial and lateral tibial condyles

Question 4

What are the superior flattened surface of the condyles

Answer 4

Medial and lateral tibial plateaus

Question 5

What do medial and lateral tibial plateaus articulate with

Answer 5

Femoral condyles to form the knee joint

Question 6

Where does the patellar ligament insert

Answer 6

Tibial tuberosity - projects from the upper anterior surface of the tibia

Question 7

What is the oblique ridge of bone on the posterior surface of the tibia

Answer 7

Soleal line

Question 8

What forms part of the ‘socket’ for the talus which projects medially from the distal end of the bone (tibia)

Answer 8

Medial malleolus

Question 9

Where does the common peroneal (fibular) nerve lie close to the bone

Answer 9

At the neck of the fibula

Question 10

Where is a site for muscle attachment on the fibula

Answer 10

Shaft

Question 11

What forms part of the ‘socket’ for the talus which projects medially from the distal end of the bone (fibula)

Answer 11

Lateral malleolus

Question 12

What is the role of the foot and toes

Answer 12

Adapted for bipedal gait

Small joints of the foot allow it to deform and absorb shock when walking on uneven ground

Question 13

Name the tarsal bones

Answer 13

Talus
Calcaneus (heel bone)
Navicular
Cuboid
Three cuneiforms - medial, intermediate, lateral

Question 14

What bones make up the hindfoot

Answer 14

Talus
Calcaneus

Question 15

What bones make up the midfoot

Answer 15

Navicular
Cuboid
Cuneiforms

Question 16

How are the metatarsals number

Answer 16

1-5 from big toe (medial)

Question 17

Name the bones of the digits

Answer 17

Phalanges

3 for toe
2 for 2-5

Question 18

How are the three phalanges of the toes named

Answer 18

Proximal
Middle
Distal

Question 19

How are the two phalanges of the big toe named

Answer 19

Proximal
Distal

Question 20

Joint with lies between metatarsals and the proximal phalanges

Answer 20

Metatarsophalangeal joints

Question 21

Joint lies between the phalanges

Answer 21

Interphalangeal joints

Question 22

What are the names of the interphalangeal joints between toes 2-5

Answer 22

Proximal
Distal

Question 23

Define dorsiflexion

Answer 23

At ankle joint

Toes point upwards

Question 24

Define plantarflexion

Answer 24

At ankle joint

Toes point to floor

Question 25

Define inversion

Answer 25

AT subtalar joint Brings sole of foot medially

Question 26

Define eversion

Answer 26

At subtalar joint Brings lateral border and sole of food laterally

Question 27

What separates the leg into compartments

Answer 27

Intermuscular septum Anterior Lateral Posterior compartments

Question 28

What are the features of the anterior compartment of the leg

Answer 28

3 muscles Arise from tibia, fibula and interosseous membrane Act dorsiflexors (extensors) of the foot at the ankle joint and extensors of the toe Innervated - deep peroneal nerve

Question 29

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment

Answer 29

Tibialis anterior Extensor hallucis longus Extensor digitorum longus

Question 30

Describe the tibialis anterior

Answer 30

Cross anterior aspect of ankle Inserts onto medial cuneiform Dorsiflexes and inverts the foot

Question 31

Describe the extensor hallucis longus

Answer 31

Extends big toe Tendon crosses the anterior aspect of the ankle Inserts onto the distal phalanx of the big toe Dorsiflexes the foot at the ankle

Question 32

Describe extensor digitorum longus

Answer 32

Gives rise to 4 tendons Crosses anterior aspect of ankle and inserts onto distal phalanges of toes 2-5 - extending them Dorsiflexes the foot at the ankle

Question 33

Describe the extensor retinacula

Answer 33

Overlie the extensor tendons at the ankle joint

Question 34

Describe the lateral compartment of the leg

Answer 34

2 muscles Attach to fibula Evert the foot at the subtalar joint Innervated by the superficial peroneal joint

Question 35

Name the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg

Answer 35

Peroneus longus Peroneus brevis

Question 36

Describe the peroneus longus

Answer 36

More superficial muscle Inserts into the plantar surface of the medial cuneiform bone

Question 37

Describe the peroneus brevis

Answer 37

Deeper muscle of the two Inserts onto the base of the 5th metatarsal

Question 38

How do both lateral compartment muscles of the leg travel

Answer 38

Posterior to the lateral malleolus to their insertions in the foot

Question 39

Describe the path of the popliteal fossa

Answer 39

Bifurcates into anterior and posterior tibial arteries Anterior tibial artery crosses the dorsum of foot - becomes dorsalis pedis artery Dorsalis pedis artery gives branches that travel between the metatarsals and anastomose with arteries in the plantar aspect of the foot

Question 40

What is the anterior compartment of the leg supplied by

Answer 40

Anterior tibial artery

Question 41

What is the lateral compartment of the leg supplied by

Answer 41

Fibular artery - branch of the posterior tibial artery

Question 42

Where do deep veins run in the leg

Answer 42

Follow arteries

Question 43

What are the two major superficial veins of the leg which drain the foot

Answer 43

Great saphenous vein - travels anterior to the medial malleolus Small saphenous vein - termination at the popliteal vein

Question 44

What are the branches of the common peroneal nerve

Answer 44

Superficial peroneal nerve - innervates lateral leg Deep peroneal nerve - innervates muscles of the anterior leg Both branches innervate regions of the skin of the leg

Question 45

What is the muscle of the dorsum of the foot

Answer 45

Extensor digitorum brevis Lies laterally gives rise to 4 slender tendons that insert into toes 2-5 Innervates by deep peroneal nerve