Anterior Compartment of the Thigh Flashcards
Muscles
State the origin and insertion of the sartorius.
Origin: lower part of the ASIS, below the inguinal ligament.
Insertion: upper part of the medial surface of the tibia.
State the nerve supply of the sartorius.
Femoral nerve.
State the actions of the sartorius.
Flexion of the thigh.
Abduction of the thigh.
It helps in flexion of the knee joint.
State the relations of the sartorius.
In the middle 1/3, it covers the roof of the adductor canal.
In the lower 1/3, it shared in the upper medial boundary of the popliteal fossa.
State the origin and insertion of the pectineus muscle.
Origin: pectineal surface of the superior pubic ramus.
Insertion: back of the femur along the upper part of a line between the lesser trochanter and linea aspera (pectineal line).
State the nerve supply of the pectineus muscle.
Femoral nerve.
State the actions of pectineus.
Adduction of the thigh.
It helps in flexion of the hip joint.
It steadies the head of the femur during mvts of the hip joint.
State the relations of the pectineus.
- Anteriorly: it forms a part of the floor of the femoral triangle and is related to the femoral sheath and femoral vessels.
- Posteriorly: it is related to the anterior branch of the obturator nerve and adductor brevis.
- The medial circumflex femoral vessels leave the femoral triangle by passing through the interval b2n **psoas major **and pectineus.
- The profunda femoris vessels leave the femoral triangle by passing through the interval b2n the pectineus and adductor longus.
State the origin and insertion of psoas major.
Origin:
It arises mainly from the lumbar vertebrae and descends to the thigh by passing behind the inguinal ligament.
In the thigh, it lies close to the front of the capsule of the hip joint with a bursa called the psoas (iliac) bursa intervening.
Insertion: it is inserted by a strong tendon into the lesser trochanter.
State the origin and insertion of the iliacus.
Origin: it takes origin from the iliac fossa and descends behind the inguinal ligament lateral to the psoas major.
Insertion:
The fibres of the iliacus converge into a tendon which mostly joins that of the psoas major into the lesser trochanter.
But, some fibres are inserted directly into the back of the femur 1” below the lesser trochanter.
Which muscles are the main flexors of the hip joint?
Psoas major.
Iliacus.
N|B: The iliopsoas have no role in lateral or medial rotation of the thigh but in cases of fractures of the upper part of the shaft of the femur, the upper bony fragment is flexed and rotated laterally by the iliopsoas.
State the origin of the rectus femoris.
Arises by two tendinous heads from the hip bone.
Straight head: from upper part of AIIS.
Reflected head: from an impression just above the acetabulum.
State the linear origin of the vastus lateralis.
- Upper part of the intertrochanteric line.
- Root of the greater trochanter.
- Lateral margin of the gluteal tuberosity.
- Lateral lip of the linea aspera.
- Some fibres take origin from the lateral intermuscular septum of deep fascia.
State the linear origin of the vastus medialis.
Lower part of the intertrochanteric line.
Spiral line.
Medial lip of the linea aspera.
Some lower fibres take origin from the tendon of the ischial part of adductor magnus.
State the origin of the vastus intermedius.
(wide)
From anterior and lateral surfaces of the upper 3/4 of the shaft of the femur.
State the insertion of the quadriceps femoris.
The 4 heads fuse into a common tendon called the quadriceps tendon which is inserted into the base, lateral and medial borders of the patella.
The vastus lateralis gives a tendinous expansion called the lateral patellar retinaculum along the lateral side of the patella to be articulated to the front of the upper end of the tibia.
The vastus medialis gives a similar tendinous expansion called the medial patellar retinaculum along the medial side of the patella to be attached to the front of the upper end of the tibia.
Through the liagamentum patellae, the insertion of the quadriceps is carried into the tibial tuberosity.
N|B: The quadriceps tendon, patella, patellar retinacula and ligamentum patellae replace the capsule of the knee joint anteriorly.
State the nerve supply of the quadriceps femoris.
Femoral nerve.
A branch to vastus lateralis which descends along the anterior border of the muscle with the descending branch of the LCFA.
A branch to vastus medialis which descends to the adductor canal to enter the muscle about the middle of the adductor canal.
Two to three branches which supply the vastus intermedius.
Describe the ligamentum patellae.
It is a thick and strong ligament which carries the insertion of the quadriceps femoris into the tibial tuberosity.
Superiorly, it is attached to the apex and the lower nonarticular part of the posterior surface of the patella.
Inferiorly, it is attached to the smooth upper part of the tibial tuberosity.
The superficial fibres of the quadriceps tendon descend close to the front of the patella to continue directly into the ligamentum patellae down to the tibial tuberosity, the patella thus acting as a sesamoid bone in the insertion of quadriceps.
Give alternative names for Adductor Canal.
Subsartorial canal.
Hunter’s canal.
State the boundaries of the Adductor canal.
Anterolateral wall: vastus medialis and its covering deep fascia.
Posterior wall (floor): adductor longus above and adductor magnus below with their covering deep fascia.
Anteromedial wall (roof): formed by a thickening of deep fascia forming the fibrous roof of the canal. This roof stretches from the fascia covering the vastus medialis to the fascia covering the adductors longus and magnus and is covered by sartorius.
State the contents of the Adductor canal.
Femoral artery: reaches the canal by passing through its upper end and leaves at its lower end by passing through the adductor opening where it continues as the popliteal artery.
Femoral vein: reaches the canal through its lower end by passing through the adductor opening as a continuation of the popliteal vein and leaves through its upper end where it ascends into the femoral triangle.
Saphenous nerve: enters the canal through its upper end, crosses in front of the femoral artery from its lateral to medial side and leaves the canal at its lower end by piercing its fibrous roof.
Nerve to vastus medialis: enters the canal through its upper end, in the middle of the canal, and enters into the substance of the vastus medialis.
The femoral vein is posterolateral to the artery in the lower part of the adductor canal and gradually becomes posterior to it in the upper part.
