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MCN > Antepartum (Topic 4) > Flashcards

Antepartum (Topic 4) Flashcards

1
Q

Union of the male sex cell (sperm) and the female sex cell (ovum)

A

Conception

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2
Q

Reproductive cell

A

Gamete

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3
Q

Formation of gametes (ova) in the female.

A

Oogenesis

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4
Q

Formation of male gametes (sperm) in the testes

A

Spermatogenesis

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5
Q

Reduction cell division in gametes that halves the number of chromosomes (haploid)in each cell.

A

Meiosis

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6
Q

Implantation of the fertilized ovum in the uterine endometrium

A

Nidation

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7
Q

A term referring to the endometrium during pregnancy.

A

Decidua

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8
Q

The developing baby from conception through the first two weeks of prenatal life.

A

Zygote

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9
Q

The developing baby from the beginning of the 3rd week through the 8th week after conception.

A

Embryo

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10
Q

The developing baby from 9 weeks after conception until birth.

A

Fetus

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11
Q

Prenatal age of the developing baby (measured in weeks) calculated from the
first day of the woman’s last menstrual period.

A

Gestational age/Age of Gestation (AOG)

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12
Q

The X or Y chromosomes

A

Sex chromosomes

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13
Q

What phase is after the secretory phase without coitus

A

Ischemic phase

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14
Q

OVULATION OCCURS APPROXIMATELY ON THE _____

A

14TH DAY OF YOUR CYCLE (FOR REGULARS)

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15
Q

AVERAGE LENGTH OF A CYCLE

A
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16
Q

SHORT CYCLE

A
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17
Q

LONG CYCLE

A
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18
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING CONCEPTION (3)

A
  1. Timing
  2. Ovum Condition
  3. Sperm Capacity
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19
Q

How mL of semen is ejaculated per ejaculation

A

2.5 mL

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20
Q

How many spermatozoa per mL, comes out during ejaculation?

A

50-200 million spermatozoa/mL

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21
Q

what is the average sperm count per ejaculation?

A

400 million sperm/ejaculation

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22
Q

What helps the motility of the sperm during its entrance to the female organ?

A

Tail, Uterine contractions

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23
Q

Transport time of semen from vagina to cervix and from vagina to fallopian tube

A

80 secs from vagina to cervix

5 mins from vagina to fallopian tube

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24
Q

Also called as Pre- Embryonic Development

A

Zygotic Stage

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25
Q

Stage from conception/fertilization through the 1st two weeks of pregnancy.

A

Pre- Embryonic Development/ Zygotic Stage

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26
Q

Process where the sperm released intravaginally undergoes removal of plasma membrane, where loss
of seminal plasma lipids, CHONS

A

CAPACITATION

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27
Q

This happens at Days 0-2 after Coitus

A

Fertilization

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28
Q

This coat must be removed to enable fertilization – 7 hours

A

glycoCHON coat

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29
Q

Reaction where there is a release of HYALURONIDASE on the surface of the ovum, breaks down
CORONA RADIATA, clears HYALURONIC acid

A

ACROSOMAL REACTION

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30
Q

What is released on the surface of the ovum during acrosomal reaction

A

HYALURONIDASE

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31
Q

What is broken down in an acrosomal reaction by the release of hyaluronidase

A

CORONA RADIATA

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32
Q

ACROSOMAL REACTION – release of HYALURONIDASE on the surface of the ovum, breaks down
CORONA RADIATA, clears _______

A

HYALURONIC acid

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33
Q

When the Ovum reacts with sperm enzyme, it undergoes _______ and ________

A

BLOCK TO POLYSPERMY
CORTICAL REACTION

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34
Q

Where the zona pellucida reacts by preventing other sperm cells to enter.

A

BLOCK TO POLYSPERMY

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35
Q

Granules are released, water is pushed away from the egg, creates a “FERTILIZATION MEMBRANE”, takes 10 – 24 hours to complete

A

CORTICAL REACTION

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36
Q

What reacts by preventing other sperm cells to enter

A

zona pellucida

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37
Q

What membrane is created from cortical reaction

A

FERTILIZATION MEMBRANE

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38
Q

how many hours for the cortical reaction to complete

A

10 – 24 hours

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39
Q

fertilized ovum

A

ZYGOTE

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40
Q

Fertilization takes place in the ____

A

Ampulla of the fallopian tube

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41
Q

In what days does the zygote assumes a mulberry appearance, called the Morula

A

Days 3 – 6

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42
Q

The zygote assumes a mulberry appearance, called the ________

A

Morula

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43
Q

What day does the morula becomes a hollow, fluid-filled Blastocyst

A

Day 7

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44
Q

In day 7, the morula becomes a ______, fluid-filled _______

A

hollow
Blastocyst

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45
Q

What burrows into the
soft uterine lining (Decidua)

A

blastocyst

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46
Q

Where does the blastocyst burrows into

A

Decidua

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47
Q

The outer layer of the blastocyst which becomes covered with finger-like tissue projections
(chorionic villi)

A

Trophoblast

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48
Q

Finger-like tissue projections during Trophoblast

A

Chorionic villi

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49
Q

During implanting blastocyst, the zygote consists of a sphere of what two cells

A

Trophoblast cells
Eccentric cell

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49
Q

Cluster of Trophoblast cells and eccentric cells

A

Inner cell mass

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49
Q

Aids in the process of implantation in the endometrium

A

Chorionic villi

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50
Q

It undergoes cell multiplication
cleavage formation occurs as cell divides

A

ZYGOTE

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51
Q

Cells creating cell mass,
held together by zona pellucida

A

BLASTOMERES

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52
Q

Blastomeres are held together by __________

A

zona pellucida

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53
Q

Blastomeres that formed into 12 – 16 cells, differentiates into 2 layers of cells

A

Morula

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54
Q

How many cells are formed from blastomeres in a morula

A

12 – 16 cells

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55
Q

single cell that can give rise to a new organism

A

Totipotent

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56
Q

Cells that has the capacity to self-renew

A

Pluripotent

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57
Q

Has the capacity to develop into more than one cell type but more limited than pluripotent cells

A

Multipotent

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58
Q

What two main processes occurs in the zygotic stage

A

FERTILIZATION
IMPLANTATION/NIDATION

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59
Q

This happens on Days 8-10 after coitus

A

IMPLANTATION/NIDATION

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60
Q

Migration of zygote from the fallopian tube to the body of the uterus for lasts 3-4 days

A

IMPLANTATION / NIDATION

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61
Q

Usually happens at the upper portion, anterior surface of the endometrium

A

IMPLANTATION / NIDATION

62
Q

Where does implantation / nidation usually happen

A

anterior surface of the endometrium

63
Q

Implantation undergoes series of ________________ resulting to cleavage formation

A

mitotic divisions

64
Q

How many cleavage formation every 22 hours during implantation

A

1

65
Q

After how many hours does cleavage division happen after fertilization

A

24 hours

66
Q

once the zygote reaches the uterus during implantation , how many ball of cell is it composed of

A

32-50

67
Q

What will the inner cell mass turn into

A

Embryo

68
Q

What will the trophoblast turn into

A

placenta and membranes

69
Q

At approx 8-10 days after fertilization, blastocyst attaches to the endometrium and sheds last residues of _______ and _______

A

corona radiata and zona pellucida.

70
Q

What happens to the female during implantation stage because capillaries are ruptured by the implanting trophoblast cells

A

slight vaginal bleeding

71
Q

3 PROCESSES OF IMPLANTATION

A

Apposition
Adhesion
Invasion

72
Q

It is a process of implantation where the zygote stays on surface of endometrial wall

A

Apposition

73
Q

It is a process of implantation where the zygote Attaches to uterine wall

A

Adhesion

74
Q

It is a process of implantation where there is burrowing in towards maternal capillaries, may cause IMPLANTATION BLEEDING

A

Invasion

75
Q

During the formation of the chorionic villi, what are the 2 layers formed

A

Syncytiotrophoblast / syncytial layer

Cytotrophoblast/ Langhan’s layer

76
Q

It is the outer layer of the chorionic villi, formed on the 10th day, produces HCG, HPL, prog and estro

A

Syncytiotrophoblast / syncytial layer

77
Q

What hormones does the Syncytiotrophoblast / syncytial layer produces

A

Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
Human placental lactogen (HPL)
prog and estro

78
Q

It is the middle layer of the chorionic villi formed on the 12th day, protects fetus from
spirochete infection, disappears b/n 20 – 24 weeks

A

Cytotrophoblast/ Langhan’s layer

79
Q

What infection does the Cytotrophoblast/ Langhan’s layer protect the fetus from

A

spirochete infection

80
Q

When does the Cytotrophoblast/ Langhan’s layer disappear

A

b/n 20 – 24 weeks

81
Q

Where do organ systems develop from

A

Germ layers

82
Q

How many does the germ layers complete

A

16 days

83
Q

What are the 3 primary germ layers

A

Endoderm
Mesoderm
Ectoderm

84
Q

This layer later on develops into Digestive tract lining, urinary bladder, liver, pancreatic tissue, part of vagina, epithelium of pharynx and tongue

A

Endoderm

85
Q

This layer later on develops into Dermis, kidneys, ureters, spleen, connective tissues, repro organs, skeletal muscles, cardiovascular,
lymphatic tissues

A

Mesoderm

86
Q

This layer later on develops into Epidermis, eye lens, ear, enamel of teeth, GLANDS – sebaceous, mammary, pituitary,sweat

A

Ectoderm

87
Q

What does the endoderm layer develop into (7)
*not based on the table sa notes, dun sa may description

A

Digestive tract lining
urinary bladder
liver
pancreatic tissue
part of vagina
epithelium of pharynx
tongue

88
Q

What does the Mesoderm layer develop into (9)
*not based on the table sa notes, dun sa may description

A

Dermis
kidneys
ureters
spleen
connective tissues
repro organs
skeletal muscles
cardiovascular
lymphatic tissues

89
Q

What does the Ectoderm layer develop into (8)
*not based on the table sa notes, dun sa may description

A

Epidermis
eye lens
ear
enamel of teeth
GLANDS (sebaceous, mammary, pituitary, sweat)

90
Q

Identify what layer did this develop from:
CNS and PNS

A

Ectoderm

91
Q

Identify what layer did this develop from:
Pituitary gland

A

Ectoderm

92
Q

Identify what layer did this develop from:
Sensory epithelium of the eye, ear, and nose

A

Ectoderm

93
Q

Identify what layer did this develop from:
Epidermis

A

Ectoderm

94
Q

Identify what layer did this develop from:
Hair and nails

A

Ectoderm

95
Q

Identify what layer did this develop from:
Subcutaneous glands and mammary glands

A

Ectoderm

96
Q

Identify what layer did this develop from:
Tooth enamel

A

Ectoderm

97
Q

Identify what layer did this develop from:
Cartilage and bone connective tissue

A

Mesoderm

98
Q

Identify what layer did this develop from:
heart, blood vessels, and blood cells

A

Mesoderm

99
Q

Identify what layer did this develop from:
Lymphatic system

A

Mesoderm

100
Q

Identify what layer did this develop from:
Spleen

A

Mesoderm

101
Q

Identify what layer did this develop from:
Kidney

A

Mesoderm

102
Q

Identify what layer did this develop from:
Adrenal Cortex

A

Mesoderm

103
Q

Identify what layer did this develop from:
Ovaries, testes, reproductive system

A

Mesoderm

104
Q

Identify what layer did this develop from:
Lining membranes (pericardial, pleural, peritoneal)

A

Mesoderm

105
Q

Identify what layer did this develop from:
Lining of GI and Respi tract

A

Endoderm

106
Q

Identify what layer did this develop from:
Tonsils, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus

A

Endoderm

107
Q

Identify what layer did this develop from:
Liver

A

Endoderm

108
Q

Identify what layer did this develop from:
Pancreas

A

Endoderm

109
Q

Identify what layer did this develop from:
Lining of urinary bladder and urethra

A

Endoderm

110
Q

Identify what layer did this develop from:
Lining of ear canal

A

Endoderm

111
Q

What are the two embryonic membranes

A

Amnion
Chorion

112
Q

This membrane is formed from blastocyst, from ectoderm

A

Amnion

113
Q

This membrane produces amniotic fluid and covering of umbilical cord,

A

Amnion

114
Q

When the amnion expands and joins the chorion, what does it form

A

AMNIOTIC sac

115
Q

first and outermost membrane

A

Chorion

116
Q

This membrane is formed from trophoblast , encircles amnion, embryo, yolk sac, where
fetal part of the placenta arises

A

Chorion

117
Q

finger like projection on surface of chorion

A

CHORIONIC villi

118
Q

When is chorionic villi formed on the chorion

A

at 10 – 12 days

119
Q

How many layers does the chorionic villi have on the chorion

A

2 layers

120
Q

It is a Clear, yellow fluid

A

AMNIOTIC FLUID

121
Q

What is the pH of AMNIOTIC FLUID

A

7.2

122
Q

How many mL does an amniotic fluid have

A

500 – 1000 ml

123
Q

What is the specific gravity of amniotic fluid (urine)

A

1.010 – 1.025 – urine

124
Q

It functions as a Cushion for the fetus against sudden blows or trauma

A

AMNIOTIC FLUID

125
Q

What does the amniotic fluid facilitate in developing

A

musculo-skeletal development

126
Q

What does the amniotic fluid maintains

A

temp

127
Q

What does the amniotic fluid prevents

A

cord compression

128
Q

This structure develops at site where embryo attaches to uterine wall, left side position increases blood flow

A

PLACENTA

129
Q

How heavy does a placenta weigh at term

A

400 – 600 gms

130
Q

How many cotyledons does the placenta consist of

A

15 – 20 cotyledons

131
Q

This structure is Formed at 3rd week, functional at 4th week

A

PLACENTA

132
Q

What are the two parts of a placenta

A

Maternal portion
Fetal portion

133
Q

This portion of placenta consists of D. basalis and circulation

A

Maternal portion

134
Q

When the maternal portion is the one showing first during the delivery of the placenta, what is it called

A

DUNCAN PRESENTATION

135
Q

This portion of placenta consists of chorionic villi and circulation

A

Fetal portion

136
Q

This portion of placenta is covered with amnion, shiny gray, anchoring villi forms, becomes SEPTA

A

Fetal portion

137
Q

When the Fetal portion is the one showing first during the delivery of the placenta, what is it called

A

SCHULTZ PRESENTATION

138
Q

What does the placenta function as for the fetus (6)

A
  1. Respiratory System
  2. GIT
  3. Excretory System (Artery)
  4. Circulating system
  5. Endocrine System -produces hormones
  6. It serves as a protective barrier
139
Q

HORMONES PRODUCED BY THE PLACENTA (5)

A
  1. Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin
  2. Progesterone
  3. Human placental Lactogen/somatomammotropin Hormone
  4. Relaxin Hormone
  5. Estrogen
140
Q

This hormone is Present 8 – 10 days after fertilization and Peaks 50 – 70 days during preg, decreases by 100 days

A

Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin

141
Q

This hormone Encourages corpus luteum to secrete estrogen and progesterone capabilities of the trophoblast so placenta and embryo are not rejected

A

Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin

142
Q

What does Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin increase

A

immunologic

143
Q

This hormone is the basis of preg test

A

Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin

144
Q

This hormone Encourages fallopian tube and uterus to provide nutrients, aids in ovum transport

A

Progesterone

145
Q

This hormone Decreases uterine motility

A

Progesterone

146
Q

This hormone is Present at 6th week

A

Human placental Lactogen/somatomammotropin Hormone

147
Q

Human placental Lactogen/somatomammotropin Hormone promotes and regulates what of the mother

A

glucose CHON and fat levels

148
Q

This hormone Decreases sensitivity of mother to glucose

A

Human placental Lactogen/somatomammotropin Hormone

149
Q

This hormone encourages Lactogenic

A

Human placental Lactogen/somatomammotropin Hormone

150
Q

increases milk prod and mammary gland development

A

Lactogenic

151
Q

This hormone causes the Pliability of musculoskeletal

A

Relaxin Hormone

152
Q

This hormone produces estriol

A

Estrogen

153
Q

type secreted by placenta, causes enlargement of breasts and uterus

A

Estriol

154
Q

This hormone Increases vascularity and vasodilation

A

Estrogen

MCN (5 decks)

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