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OB Theory > Antepartum > Flashcards

Antepartum Flashcards

1
Q

period beginning at conception and ending before start of labor

A

Antepartum (AP)

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2
Q

period of time from fertilization until delivery. 10 lunar months, 9 calendar months, 40 weeks, 280 days.

A

Gestation

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3
Q

birth after 20 weeks’ gestation, regardless of whether

the infant is born alive or dead

A

Parity

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4
Q

the capacity of fetus to live outside the uterus; approx. 24
weeks gestation
Due to lung development (Alveoli and surfactant)

A

Viability

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5
Q

the end of pregnancy before
20 weeks. May be elective or
spontaneous(miscarriage)

A

Abortion

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6
Q

the number of
complete weeks of fetal development
calculated from the first day of the last
menstrual period

A

Gestational Age

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7
Q 
G: Gravida
T: Term pregnancies 38-42
P: Pre-term pregnancies 20-37 6/7
A: abortions before 20 week
L: living children
A

GTPAL: code that represents a woman’s preg history

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8
Q

Calculate EDC

A
  1. First day of LMP
  2. Subtract 3 months
  3. Add 7 days
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9
Q

Subjective, definitive diagnosis cant be made here

A

Presumptive Sign

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10
Q

Presumptive Signs

A
  1. Amenorrhea (missed period)
  2. Nausea
  3. Breast change - due to progesterone
  4. Frequent urination - enlarge uterus and increase pelvic blood
  5. Linea nigra/ chloasma
  6. Fatigue
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11
Q

More objective, be observed by medical people

A

Probable signs

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12
Q

Probable signs

A
  1. Uterine enlargement
  2. Chadwicks
  3. Goodells
  4. Hegars
  5. McDonalds
  6. Braxton hicks
  7. Ballottement
  8. Fetal outline
  9. Striae (Stretch marks)
  10. Lab tests
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13
Q

Positive signs

A
  1. Fetal heartbeat
  2. Fetal movements
  3. Ultrasound observation
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14
Q

purplish or bluish discoloration of cervix, vagina,

vulva by increased vascular congestion

A

Chadwick’s Sign

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15
Q

softening of cervix and vagina

A

Goodell’s Sign

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16
Q

Softening of lower uterine segment just above cervix

A

Hegar’s Sign

17
Q

Ease in flexing body of uterus against the cervix

A

Mcdonald’s Sign

18
Q

Rebounding of fetus by examiner’s fingers at 4-5 months

A

Ballottement

19
Q

Able to palpate by week 24

A

fetal outline

20
Q

90-98% accurate.
Detect presence of hCG in blood or
urine.

A

Lab tests

21
Q
  • as early as 6 weeks by US
  • as early as 10 weeks by Doppler transducer
  • 18-20 weeks with fetoscope
  • FHR 110-160
A

Fetal heartbeat

22
Q

Performed commonly 8-12 weeks after missed period
• Obtain thorough medical history
• Physical exam–look for health deficits
• repeat pregnancy test
• urinalysis
• pelvic exam
• lab tests

A

Prenatal care: first exam

23
Q

check condition of organs
and birth canal
• poor predictor of who will deliver vaginally and is not routinely performed

A

Pelvimetry - pelvic exam

24
Q

flaring wings of iliac crests of hip bones

A

false pelvis - pelvic exam

25
Q
  • Rh and ABO incompatibility
  • Rh- mother and Rh + father
  • mother has type O and father has type A, B, or AB
  • Rubella titer
  • Hgb and Hct–12mg/dl and 35% desirable
  • Serology for STD’s and AIDS
A

Lab tests preformed

26
Q

Maternal infections may cause congenital
malformations or disorders in infant especially if
exposed during the first 12 weeks of gestation

A

TORCH infections *

27
Q

TORCH Infection list

A

• T—toxoplasmosis - Cat Liter can cause birth defects
•O—other (gonorrhea, syphillis, varicella, hepatitis
B(HBV), HIV
•R—rubella
• C—cytomegalovirus (CMV)
•H—herpes simplex virus (HSV)

28
Q

• 1 x/month for 7 months, then q 2 weeks during the 8th month, then
weekly during last month
• Assessments
• Weight–25-30 pounds average gain
• 2-4# in 1st trimester, 1/2 # per week in 2nd trimester, 1# per week in last 4-6
weeks

A

Subsequent Prenatal visits

29
Q 
•Vital signs--especially BP. Early detection
of PIH vital.
•Vaginal exams per discretion
•UA for infection, sugar, albumin
•Fundal height measurement--begin at
16-20 weeks. Centimeters measure
correspond with gestational age
A

Prenatal visit assessments

30
Q
  • Fetal heart tones (FHT)/fetal heartrate (FHR) by doppler
  • Assess for common problems
  • N/V
  • edema
  • bleeding
  • constipation
  • headache (HBP or stress)
A

Prenatal visit look fors

31
Q
  • Ultrasound
  • Glucose Challenge Test (28 weeks)
  • H&H (S/S of anemia)
  • RhoGAM work-up (If O- blood get this to protect baby if it is +)
  • Group Beta Strep (34-37 weeks for strep)
A

Prenatal testings

32
Q

• Normal vaginal flora
• Woman asymptomatic but can cause serious infection of newborn
• Vaginal and rectal cultures to detect presence in pregnant woman
• If present will treat with IV antibiotics during labor–usually 2+ doses
of Ancef or ampicillin

A

Group Beta Streptococcus

33
Q

Often done by the nurse!
S/S to report
• bleeding, fluid leaking from vagina (means cervix is dilated and water broke)
• rapid weight gain (pre-eclampsia)
• swelling of extremities and/or face (edema, leads to pre-eclampsia)
• persistent headache, visual disturbances (BP rising)
• fever>100.4 (infection)
• vomiting (infection)

A

Prenatal visit teaching

34
Q 
•Increase of 300 kcal/day
•Balanced diet with increased intake
of foods that will provide needed
vitamins, minerals, proteins.
•Diet should supply needed nutrients,
but routine supplementation of
“prenatal vitamins” given
•Increase fluids, especially water
A

Prenatal visit: Diet

35
Q

essential for preventing neural tube defects

A

Folic acid

get from dark, leafy greens

36
Q

• Employment–avoid toxic fumes, falls, heavy lifting, prolonged sitting
or standing
• Bathing/Hygiene–increased sweating and oil gland secretion, vaginal
secretions.
• Sexual intercourse–CI in pre-term labor

A

Prenatal Visit teaching

37
Q

Drugs, alcohol and smoking cause…

A

LBW, prematurity, birth defects and increase in fetal death

OB Theory (16 decks)

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