Antenatal Care & Uncomplicated Pregnancy Flashcards
How is pregnancy confirmed ?
Missed menstruation and urine +bHCG /at home pregnancy test
= Pregnancy confirmed.
What is the Naegele’s Rule for calculating estimated due date?
(First day of LMP + 7 days )- 3 months = EDD.
What are the routine physical assessments in pregnant patient ?
- Blood tests
- Blood pressure
- Urinalysis
- Weight and BMI
- Ultrasound scan (scheduled at the
booking visit- at 12 weeks). - Patient education - ongoing during pregnancy, initiated at the booking visit,
enrolling in antenatal classes may be
offered at this time .
What are the clinical visit frequencies in pregnancy ?
Visits typically alternate between GP and
hospital every 4 weeks until 32 weeks,
every 2 weeks until 36 weeks, then
weekly until delivery
What are the symptoms in first trimester ( wk 0-11)?
- Nausea
- Breast tenderness
- Fatigue
- Mood changes
- Morning sickness (about week 6)
- Weight gain
What are the symptoms in second trimester (weeks 12 to 23)?
- Back pain
- Abdominal pain
- Thigh pain
- Swelling of the ankles and fingers
- Stretch marks or ‘pregnancy mask’
(dark patches of skin on the face) - Feeling baby movements
- Feel the baby fluttering (weeks 16–
18)
What are the symptoms in third trimester ( week 24 to 42)?
- Shortness of breath
- Frequent urination
- Hemorrhoids
- Varicose veins
- Sleep difficulty
- Breast leaking
- Feel the baby kicking and
moving more
what are the screening test in pregnancy ?
- Screening for a variety of conditions is
carried out during pregnancy. - Serology
- Fetal abnormalities (including anatomy
scan) - Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)
- Rhesus screening (including anti-D
prophylaxis) - Venous thromboembolism
- Group B streptococcus (GBS)
- STIs
- Non-invasive pregnancy testing NIPS
What are the elements of routine foetal assessment ?
- Fetal movement monitoring from 24–28 weeks
- Fetal growth measurement
- Fetal ultrasound examination
When should foetal US be done according to WHO ?
- Early ultrasound is recommended by WHO before 24 weeks and usually takes place around 12 weeks.
- Anatomy ultrasound is usually offered between 18–21 weeks
gestation.
What are the aims of US in pregnancy ?
- estimate gestational age
- confirm single or multiple pregnancies
- improve detection of fetal anomalies
- reduce induction of labor for post-term pregnancy
- improve a woman’s pregnancy experience
- investigate clinical concerns about fetal growth
- investigate after clinical complications such as vaginal bleeding
What is the most accurate method to measure fetal growth ?
US
What is the most commonly used method of measuring fetal growth?
Symphysis-fundal height (SFH) measurement is the most common method used to assess fetal growth. It can be used to detect intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) as well as potentially multiple pregnancy, macrosomia, polyhydramnios, and oligohydramnios.
https://www.grepmed.com/images/4172/obstetrics-fundal-approximation-diagnosis-height
What are the 3 P’s of labor ?
(1) Power (uterine contractions)
(2) Passenger (the fetus- the size, the lie, the presentation
and the position of fetal head)
(3) Passage (the maternal pelvis)
What are the 3 main signs of labor ?
1.The most obvious sign of labour is contractions that are
increasing in frequency and duration.
2.The contractions may be associated with a ‘show’, which
is a sticky, blood stained mucus discharge. This means
the cervix is softening and thinning out in preparation for
labour
3.The ‘breaking of the waters’, that is the leakage of fluid
vaginally. This usually means that baby’s head is moving
down and your body is trying to start labour
