ANTAGONISTS → of adrenocorticoid biosynthesis or function

Question 1

drugs included:

Answer 1

1. ketoconazole
2. spironolactone
3. eplerenone
4. amiloride
5. triamterene

Question 2

ketoconazole:

Answer 2

1. antifungal agent → strongly inhibits all gonadal & adrenal steroid hormone synthesis
2. indication → Cushing syndrome

Question 3

spironolactone:

Answer 3

1. compete for mineralocorticoid receptor → inhibits Na retention, can antagonize aldosterone & testosterone synthesis
2. indications → hyperaldosteronism, HF with reduced ejection fracture, hirsutism in women
3. side effects:
   
   1. hyperkalemia
   2. gynecomastia
   3. menstrual irregularities
   4. skin rashes

Question 4

eplerenone:

Answer 4

1. binds to mineralocorticoid receptor → aldosterone antagonist
2. indication → hypertension, HF with reduced ejection fracture

Question 5

amiloride & triamterene:

Answer 5

act on ion channels in the luminal membrane