ANT Review Flashcards
Bioethics
abstract philospophical grounding at set of codified norms for medical practice and research
Biological citizenship
massive demand for but selective access to form of social welfare based on scientific and legal criteria that both acknowledge injury and compensate for it
ethical variability
refer to how international ethical guidlines (informed by principle and guidlines for research involving human subject) are being recast as trials for global research subject are organized
pharmaceuticialized bodies
treatment saturation is making American increasingly unusable from drug testing as the pharmaceurtilized bodies produce too many drug-drug interactions which provide less and less capacity to show drug effectivness and make test result less significant
treatment naivete
widespread absence of treatment for common and uncommon diseases, they are considered valuable population as they have no background medication
Placebo vs active control trial
placebo use is due to placebo being lower cost and placebo trials produce more unambigious evidence of efficacy while active control which is teh alternative for placebo is to compare the new drug with standard one to show the superiority of the new drug to active control drug or to at least show the difference
Placebo consist of placebo arm and treatment arm while active control consist of arm of treatment with known efficacy and experimental arm
Helsinki Declaration
declaration deals with all dimensions of human biomedical research, furnishing guidlines for conduct in research involving human subjects
Disposable kin
fluctuations between kinship as doing and kinship as essence maginalizes domestic workers in globalized economy as disposable kin, denying their belonging as Citizens or social equals.
Kinship as being= essentialist vs kinship as doing= processual
essntialist= based on blood and marriage, continue to hold force in social world
processual= through care, food, and coresidence, it is primarly teh fact that kinship can be establ;ished processualy that make domestic workers able to substitute for kin members
stratified reproduction
how reproduction is structured by gendered inequalities across boundries
stratified care work
care gaps in wealthier parts of teh world are filled by poor women and migrant women, creating care gaps in their own communities
emotional labor
work that involves creating emotional state
kinship and care
registers of kinship:
1- processual kinship= relations between care workers and families that employ them as described as being like family
2- essential kinship= bounderies of real kinship become very clear, and care worker is not included
ideology of hostile worlds and seperate spheres
that family/home is one sphere where the love is in return for love, it is relations of pure sentiment
second sphere os the market/public one where money is in return for goods/services, relations are based on rational exchange
care work is reality that flies in face of this ideology as it goes in the middle between teh two where the care worker is being thanked for their service but also shown love
biomedical technologies or biotechnology
biomedical technologies push the bounderies of human life and death, tehrefore raising fundamental existential questions about meaning of life and nature of body
biotechnology has crated nw form of bioviolence against the vulnerable by turning their body parts into market commodities
bioviolence
intensified by successful technologiesnexperimentations and discoveries that characterizes modern biomedicine
wealthy consumers have access to transplant technoligy, leading to new way of exploiting the poor
organ commodifications
vital organs extracted from vulnerable victims to be commodity used by the donores to eran some money
commodity= something taht cna be bought and sold
living cadavers
by selling the organs, the bodies become lighter but chest is heavier than ever since they are dead but not actually dead
spare parts
biotcechnology has fragmented human body into more than 150 reusable parts to alter, increase performance of, and prolong livies of privileged few
these spare parts are procurred predomintaly from marginalized populations
mircocredit loans
small loans offered to poor person to allow them to start small buisness, it has contributed to Banglesh’s organ trade as many fall into teh microcredit debit trap
autonomy and agency of pooir donating their organs
it is argued that poor make autonomous decision to sell their body oarts, but their decision is deeply constrained by vicious cycle of poverty and debt, autonomy and agency are limited to nonexistent under these circumstances
racialized commodities
racial prefernces not only assume cultural and religious identities can be genetically transferred, but they also influence demand in international market, making eggs a racialized commodity to be obtained and purchased
reproductive tissues become racialized and commodified
reproductive technology
include assisted reproductive technology (ART) such as in vitro fertilization, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, preimplanation genetic screeening and diagnosis
these procedures have led to parenthood for millions of people around the world
gamete
sex reproductive cells
rebiologizing race
refer to ways in which race (while acknowledging it as social construct) is being described with biological significance in contexts of gametes donation. This happens when racialized physical traits such as skin color are prioritized in selection of donors, suggesting race can be inherited biologically through genetic material
biocommodities
analysis of mobility of supply and demand in egg market require explicit consideration of racialization processes that occur in context in which biocommodity are valued and exchanged
