Ant Abd Wall Flashcards
Describe the Quadrants
Vertical and Horizontal line through umbilicus. Creates right and left upper and lower quarants
Describe the cut for the Regions of the Abd
2 vertical through midclavicular line and 2 horizontal transtubercular at Iliac tubercles and body of L3
What are the regions of the abd
Right and Left Hypochondrae, Right and Left Lumber, Right and Left Iliac on sides. Epigastric, umbilical, and hypogastric down the middle
What are the general layers of the Abd Wall
Skin, Subcutaneous tissue and fat, muscle and aponeurosis, Endo abd fascia, extraperitoneal fat, parietal peritoneum.
What are the substructures of the Subcutaneous tissue and fat
Campers (fatty) and Scarpa’s (membranous) which are apparent below arcuate line
What are the muscles of the Abdominal Wall
External Oblique, Internal Oblique, Transverse, Rectus Abdominal, and Pyramidal
What are the Nerves and Actions of the muscles of Abdominal Wall
Nerves are Intercostal (T7-11), Subcostal (T12), and for Internal oblique and Transverse L1 (Iliohypogastric and Inguinal). Action is to compress abdomen, flex trunk
Describe path of External oblique
Origin is at external suface of R5-12. Inserts into Anterior Iliac Crest, linea alba, and pubic tubercle.
Describe path of Internal oblique
Origin from lateral 2/3 in Inguinal Ligament, Iliac Crest, and thoracolumbar fascia. Inserts into R6-12 costal cartilage and linea alba.
Describe path of Transverse Muscle
Origin at lateral 1/3 inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, R6-12 costal cartilages. Inserts on linea alba and pubic crest.
Describe path of Rectus Abdominis muscle
Origin from pubic crest and symphasis. Inserts on Xiphoid process and R5-7.
Describe path of pyramidal muscle
Pubic body to linea alba
What are the contents of the Rectal sheath
- Rectus Abd and Pyramidalis Muscle
- Anastamosis of Superior and Inferior Epigastric vessels
- Distal portions of anterior rami
- Lymph
What is the arrangement of rectal sheath in relation to arcuate line
Above line = Interior oblique fascia surrounds Rectus Abd and Transverse Abd posterior to RA. Below line all M fascia anterior to RA.
What is the purpose of Musculo-Aponeurotic Arcade
Forms strong expandable support for wall, viscera, increases abdominal pressure, flex and lat flex of trunk
What are the related arteries to superior epigastric
Superior epigastric and Musculophrenic arteries are branches of Internal thoracic artery
What are the related arteries to Inferior epigastric
Inferior epigastric is a branch of the external Iliac Artery along with the deep circumflex and superficial epigastric. The external iliac continues to become the femoral artery below inguinal line
What are the branches of the femoral artery
Superficial circumflex artery, Deep femoral artery, Deep external Pudendal, Superficial External Pudendal
Describe lymph drainage for superficial nodes
Above umb = axillary nodes
Below Umb = Superficial Inguinal
Describe lymph drainage for Deep nodes
Cisterna Chyli for bilateral below umb and left side. Right Thoracic duct for right side.
What are the abd folds and structures
Median umbilical by Urachus, Medial umbilical by umbilical A and V, Lateral Umbilical by Inf epigastric A
What are abd fossa and relations
Lateral Inguinal fossa (lateral to inf epigastric). Medial Inguinal fossa (btwn lateral and Medial)
Supra vesical fossa (btwn Medial and Medial)
What are the causes of abdomen protuberance
6 F’s: food, fetus, feces, fat, fluid, flatus
What are the Abdominal hernias
Umbilical, inguinal, femoral
