ANS Test 3

Question 0

What innervates the ANS?

Answer 0

Visceral motor

Question 1

What type of system is the autonomic nervous system and what does it affect?

Answer 1

Involuntary

Smooth muscle, glands, internal organs

Question 2

Is the sympathetic division anabolic or catabolic? Parasympathetic?

Answer 2

Sympathetic: catabolic
Parasympathetic: anabolic

Question 3

What is the main difference in the courses of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?

Answer 3

Parasympathetic has a longer presynaptic neuron

Question 4

What neurotransmitters do the postsynaptic neurons of each division release?

Answer 4

Sympathetic: norepinephrine
Parasympathetic: acetylcholine

Question 5

How synapses in the parasympathetic division differ from those in the sympathetic division?

Answer 5

They form closer to their effector organs

Question 6

In the sympathetic division, are there more post or pre synaptic fibers?

Answer 6

Postsynaptic

Question 7

What are the two possible locations of postsynaptic cells in the sympathetic division?

Answer 7

Paravertebral ganglia (link to form sympathetic chains)

Prevertebral ganglia (in plexus around main aortic branches)

Question 8

What is the course of paravertebral ganglia?

Answer 8

Superior cervical ganglia at base of cranium –> inferior coccyx (ganglia impar)

Question 9

How do presynaptic fibers reach the sympathetic trunk?

Answer 9

Through white rami communicans (T1-L2/3)

Question 10

Once in the sympathetic trunk, presynaptic fibers innervating the head, neck, body wall, thoracic cavity, or limbs can do 1 of these 4 things

Answer 10

1) ascend to synapse with postsynaptic neuron at higher level
2) descend to synapse with postsynaptic neuron at lower level
3) synapse right away with postsynaptic neuron at same level

Question 11

What is the purpose of splanchnic nerves for postsynaptic fibers?

Answer 11

Convey visceral efferent and afferent fibers

Postsynaptic fibers for thoracic cavity pass through cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves to get to plexuses

Question 12

What is the purpose of splanchnic nerves for presynaptic fibers?

Answer 12

Highways for axons

Presynaptic fibers pass to prevertebral ganglia through abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 13

How do medullary glands give off a full body sympathetic response?

Answer 13

Function as a postsynaptic neuron to release neurotransmitter into the blood stream

Question 14

What are some differences of the parasympathetic system?

Answer 14

More restricted
Goes to head, visceral cavities of trunk, erectile tissue
Does not reach limbs
Fibers not part of spinal nerves or branches (except (S2-S4)

Question 15

What is cranial parasympathetic outflow?

Answer 15

Presynaptic neurons located in gray matter of brain stem with cranial nerve fibers 3, 7, 9, 10

Question 16

What is sacral parasympathetic outflow?

Answer 16

Presynaptic neurons located in gray matter of S2-S4

Fibers exit through anterior spinal nerve roots and pelvic splanchnic nerves