ANS physiology

Question 1

ANS nerves can be divided into ____ and ____ based on neurotransmitter released.

Answer 1

1) Cholinergic

2) Adrenergic

Question 2

Nerve that releases acetylcholine is known as:

Answer 2

Cholinergic

Question 3

Acetylcholine is broken down:

Answer 3

very rapidly

Question 4

Enzyme that breaks acetylcholine down:

Answer 4

acetylcholinesterase

Question 5

How long do the effects of cholinergic cells last and why?

Answer 5

Short-lasting because acetylcholine is broken down quickly

Question 6

Neurons that release norepinephrine are:

Answer 6

Adrenergic

Question 7

Most common type of adrenergic cell:

Answer 7

Postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division

Question 8

Norepinephrine is broken down:

Answer 8

Slowly

Question 9

Why does norepinephrine take longer to break down?

Answer 9

A series of enzymes are required to fully break it down

Question 10

How long do the effects of Adrenergic cells last and why?

Answer 10

Longer than cholnergic cells because of the amount of time it takes to break norepinephrine down

Question 11

Effects of norepinephrine:

Answer 11

Depend on the type of receptor present in effector tissues

Question 12

Sympathetic division of nervous system

Answer 12

Speed up the activity of effectors that spend energy and slow the activity of effectors that acquire energy

Question 13

What type of response does the sympathetic division prompt?

Answer 13

“fight or flight” responses

Question 14

List the fight or flight responses (10)

Answer 14

1) cause pupil to dilate
2) Dilate bronchial tubes
3) Dilate blood vessels of heart and lungs
4) Increase heart contraction speed and force
5) Increase blood pressure
6) Restricts blood flow to digestive system
7) Decrease action of digestive glands
8) Increase blood glucose level
9) Dilate blood flow to skeletal muscle
10) Increase action of adrenal glands

Question 15

Why does the sympathetic division restrict blood flow to the digestive system?

Answer 15

Diverts blood elsewhere

Question 16

Why do blood glucose levels increase during fight or flight responses?

Answer 16

to allow an ample supply of energy

Question 17

What hormone do the adrenal glands release?

Answer 17

Epinephrine

Question 18

What does epinephrine cause?

Answer 18

Makes receptors more sensitive to norepinephrine which enhances sympathetic effects

Question 19

Parasympathetic division

Answer 19

Increases the action of tissues that acquire energy and decreases the action of tissues that spend energy

Question 20

What does the parasympathetic division cause?

Answer 20

Restores tissues to normal

Question 21

Since acetylcholine is broken down rapidly:

Answer 21

The body can shift to sympathetic stimulation quickly