ANS Intro

Question 1

What are neurotransmitters

Answer 1

Endogenous substances/chemicals which transmits signals from a neuron to a target cell across a synapse.

Question 2

How is Ach formed

Answer 2

From Choline to Ach via choline acetyl transferase using acetyl-s-coenzyme A as the acetyl donor

Question 3

How is Zach hydrolysed

Answer 3

From Ach to Choline and acetic acid using acetylcholinesterase

Then Choline goes back in to form more Ach

Question 4

Where are cholinergic and muscarinic receptors found respectively

Answer 4

Muscarinic : smooth muscle and cardiac muscle
Nicotinic : Skeletal muscle

Question 5

What are the 3 nicotinic receptors

Answer 5

Ganglionic
Skeletal muscle
Neuronal CNS

Question 6

What are the 5 types of muscarinic receptors

Answer 6

M1, M3, M5
M2, M4

Question 7

How does receptor M1, M3, M5 work

Answer 7

They work through Phospholipase C

Question 8

How does receptor M2, M4 work

Answer 8

They work through Gi , inhibiting the activity of adenyl cyclase

Question 9

What kind of receptor are each of the muscarinic receptors

Answer 9

M1- Neural
M2- Cardiac
M3- Glandular smooth muscle

Question 10

What’s the main location for each one of the Muscarinic receptors

Answer 10

M1: CNS, gastric and salivary glands
M2: Heart, GIT, CNS
M3: Gastric and salivary glands, GIT, eyes
M4: CNS
M5: CNS

Question 11

What’s the cellular response to each muscarinic receptor

Answer 11

M1: Increase IP3, DAG, Depolarization, excitation, increase potassium conductance
M2: Decrease in
a) cAMP inhibition,
b) Ca++ conductance,
Increase K+ conductance
M3: Increase IP3, Ca++ conductance,
M4: same as M2
M5: Same as M3

Question 12

What’s the functional response to each muscarinic receptors

Answer 12

M1: CNS excitation, gastric secretion
M2: Cardiac inhibition, neural inhibition
M3: Gastric & saliva secretion, GI smooth muscle contraction, occular accomodation
M4: Enhanced localization
M5: Not known