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pharm exam # 1 > ANS drugs > Flashcards

ANS drugs Flashcards

1
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

involuntary system over which a person has little or no control
-contains the sympathetIC & parasympathetic nervous system

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2
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A
  • fight or flight
  • adrenergic/adrenaline
  • norepinephrine
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3
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A
  • rest and digest
  • keeps you calm
  • cholinergics
  • acetycholine
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4
Q

effect of adrenergic agonist on alpha 1 receptor

A
  • *located in the vascular tissues of the muscles
  • increased force of contraction
  • increases BP
  • mydriasis
  • decreases secretion in salivary glands
  • increased urinary bladder relaxation & urinary sphincter contraction
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5
Q

effect of adrenergic agonist on alpha 2 receptor

A
  • *located in the postganglionic sympathetic nerve endings; inhibits release of norepi
  • decreased BP
  • dilates blood vessels
  • decreased GI motility and tone
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6
Q

adrenergic drug indications

A
  • allergic reactions
  • heart failure
  • shock
  • asthma
  • nasal congestion
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7
Q

adrenergic agonists: endogenous catecholamines

A
  • *produce a sympathomimetic response
  • norepi (levophed)
  • epi (adrenalin chloride)
  • dopamine HCL (intropin)
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8
Q

adrenergic agonists: non catecholamines

A
  • *stimulate adrenergic receptors; longer duration
  • albuterol (proventil)
  • phenylephrine (neo-synephrine)
  • dobutamine HCL (dobutrex)
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9
Q

norepinephrine indications

A
  • *levophed

- used in the tx of shock states when drugs (dopamine or dobutamine) have failed to produce adequate BP

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10
Q

s/e of norepinephrine

A
  • angina
  • tachycardia
  • htn
  • dysrhythmias
  • extravasation
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11
Q

epinephine indications

A
  • drug of choice for anaphylactic shock
  • drug of choice for tx of acute bronchospasm
  • cardiac arrest
  • *works immediately
  • *never given PO
  • *acts on alpha 1, beta 1 & 2
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12
Q

epinephine contraindcations

A
  • severe organic cardiac dx
  • diabetes
  • prolonged labor
  • general anesthesia
  • htn
  • cerebrovascular dx
  • narrow angle glaucoma
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13
Q

epinephine drug/labs

A
  • increased BG & serum lactic acid
  • decongestants=additive effect
  • digoxin=dysrhythmia
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14
Q

epinephine s/e

A
  • cardiac arhythmias
  • angina
  • subarachnoid hemorrhage
  • nervousness
  • disorientation
  • pulmonary edema
  • renal vasoconstriction
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15
Q

s/e of alpha adrenergic agonists

A
  • HTN
  • increased HR
  • palpitations
  • restlessness
  • tremors
  • dysrhythmias
  • dizziness
  • urinary retention
  • n/v
  • dyspnea
  • pulmonary edema
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16
Q

nursing considerations with adrenergic drugs

A
  • monitor BP & cardiac output
  • monitor for increase or decrease in peripheral resistance
  • monitor for decrease in renal perfusion
  • ECG & hemodynamic parameters
17
Q

alpha blocker indications

A
  • decrease s/s of BPH in older men
  • tx peripheral vascular dx (Raynaud’s dx)
  • promote vasodilation=orthostatic BP
  • tic mgmt
18
Q

alpha 1 adrenergic blocker

A
  • vasodilation
  • reflex tachycardia
  • miosis
  • suppressed ejaculation
  • decreased s/s of urinary urgency, hesitancy, and nocturia
  • relax muscle in prostate & bladder neck
19
Q

Alpha adrenergic blocker names

A
  • Terazosin (Hytrin)
  • Flomax (Tamsulosin) - cannot give with meals
  • Cardura (Doxazosin) - anti HTN
  • Prazosin (Minipress) - decrease libido, impotence
  • *sinners
  • Saw Palmetto
20
Q

Saw Palmetto

A
  • herbal OTC
  • decreased BP, dizziness
  • has same effects as the meds
  • additive effect when taken with the meds
21
Q

s/e of alpha blockers

A
  • orthostatic hypoTN
  • tachycardia
  • vertigo
  • sexual dysfunction
  • nasal congestion
  • dry mouth
22
Q

nursing considerations for alpha blockers

A
  • assess for hypoTN
  • assess for syncope
  • I&O
  • daily wts
  • monitor labs
  • provide resources
23
Q

pt teaching for alpha blockers

A
  • avoid driving and hazardous activities
  • limit caffeine intake
  • limit clutter (in a hurry to pee)
  • use a night light
  • get out of bed slowly
24
Q

non selective beta affects the…

A

lungs, liver, glucose

25
Q

selective beta affects the…

A

heart

26
Q

beta blocker indications

A
  • HTN
  • mitral valve prolapse
  • CHF
  • asthma
  • glaucome
  • migraine prophylaxis
  • angina
  • dysrhythmias
27
Q

beta blockers

A
  • block actions of epi and norepi

- slow down the nerve impulses that travel to the heart

28
Q

Atenolo (Tenormin)

A

beta 1 blocker

  • HTN
  • angina
  • MI
  • HF
29
Q

Metoprolol (Lopressor)

A

beta 1 blocker

  • HTN
  • angina
  • post MI
  • s/e: decreased HR, dizziness, GI distress
30
Q

Propanolol (Inderal)

A

beta 1 & 2 blocker

  • HTN
  • angina
  • prevent MI
  • migraines
31
Q

Carvedilol (Coreg)

A

alpha 1, beta 1 & 2 blocker

  • HTN
  • mild-mod HF
32
Q

beta blocker s/e

A
  • bradycardia
  • erectile dysfunction
  • reduced exercise capacity
  • hypoTN
  • GI disturbance
  • CHF
  • depression

pharm exam # 1 (8 decks)

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