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Ans Flashcards

0
Q

There are at least two neurons, which interpose between the central to somatic effectors. True/False

A

False.

There are at least two neurons, which interpose between the central to VISCERAL effectors.

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1
Q

The splanchnic component of the autonomic nervous system innervates all of the following, EXCEPT;

a. viscera
b. glands
c. blood vessels
d. striated muscle.

A

striated muscle (does innervate non-striated muscle)

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2
Q

Axons of the primary neurons of the autonomic nervous system are usually unmyelinated and pass to the peripheral ganglia. True/False

A

False (primary neurons are myelinated; secondary neurons are usually unmyelinated)

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3
Q

The disproportion between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons is lesser in the parasympathetic system than in the sympathetic system. True/False

A

True

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4
Q

The disproportion between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system is 1:____________.

A

1:15-20

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5
Q

Which of the following has the largest disproportion between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons?

a. Somatic efferent nervous system
b. Parasympathetic nervous system
c. Sympathetic nervous system
d. Branchial efferent nervous system

A

sympathetic nervous system

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6
Q

The visceral afferent paths resemble somatic efferent paths. True/False

A

False (visceral afferent paths resemble somatic afferent paths)

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7
Q

The parasympathetic preganglionic efferent fibers emerge through all of the following, EXCEPT

a. oculomotor nerve
b. trigeminal nerve
c. vagus
d. first sacral nerve.

A

**first sacral nerve and trigeminal nerve

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8
Q

The sympathetic preganglionic efferent fibers appear through all thoracic and first, second and/or third lumbar spinal nerves, which is known as ____ out flow.

A

thoracolumbar

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9
Q

What nerves are included in the sympathetic preganglionic efferent fibers out flow?

A

T1-T12, L1-L2 or L3

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10
Q

The enteric nervous system contains all of the following reflex path ways, EXCEPT;

a. striated muscular contraction
b. digestive enzyme secretion
c. peristalsis reflex
d. blood flow.

A

striated muscular contraction

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11
Q

All of the following carries myelinated preganglionic parasympathetic axons, EXCEPT;

a. facial nerve
b. accessory cranial nerve
c. third sacral spinal nerve
d. trigeminal nerve

A

accessory cranial nerve and trigeminal nerve

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12
Q

All of the following are peripheral ganglia of the cranial part of the parasympathetic system, EXCEPT;

a. otic ganglion
b. genicular ganglion
c. submandibular ganglion
d. ciliary ganglion.

A

genicular ganglion (pterygopalatine ganglionis included)

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13
Q

Name the nerve which carries postganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the constrictor pupillae.

A

short ciliary nerve

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14
Q

Name the nerve which carries facial preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the main facial trunk.

A

chorda tympani

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15
Q

Name the branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve which carries preganglionic parasympathetic fibers.

A

tympanic nerve

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16
Q

Which of the following ganglia is not a peripheral ganglion for the cranial parasympathetic nerve?

a. Genicular ganglion
b. Otic ganglion
c. Submandibular ganglion
d. Pterygopalatine ganglion.

A

genicular ganglion (ciliary ganglion is included)

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17
Q

Name the nerve which carries postganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the constrictor pupillae.

A

short ciliary nerve

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18
Q

Name the nerve which carries facial preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the main facial trunk.

A

chorda tympani

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19
Q

Name the branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve which carries preganglionic parasympathetic fibers.

A

tympanic nerve

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20
Q

Which of the following ganglia is not a peripheral ganglion for the cranial parasympathetic nerve?

a. Genicular ganglion
b. Otic ganglion
c. Submandibular ganglion
d. Pterygopalatine ganglion.

A

genicular ganglion (ciliary ganglion is included)

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21
Q

The pulmonary branch of the vagus is bronchiodilator. True/False

A

False (vagus is parasympathetic, so it is a constrictor)

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22
Q

The pelvic splanchnic nerves supply vasodilator fibers to all of the following, EXCEPT;

a. corpora cavernosa
b. corpus spongiosum
c. glans of the penis
d. prepuce

A

glans of the penis (innervated by dorsal nerve of penis of pudendal nerve)

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23
Q

Name the branch of the facial nerve, which carries the preganglionic parasympathetic efferent fibers to control small glands in the nasal cavity, palates, and nasal sinuses above the oral cavity.

A

greater petrosal nerve

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24
Q

Name the branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve, which carries the parasympathetic efferent fibers to the parotid gland.

A

tympanic nerve

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25
Q

The disproportion or ratio of the sympathetic nervous system between the preganglionic and postganglionic fibers is

A

1:196

26
Q 
The sympathetic system innervates all of the following, EXCEPT
A. Sweat glands. 
B. The arrectores pilorum.
c. The ciliary body. 
D. The constrictor pupillae.
A

the constrictor pupillae

27
Q

Name the spinal cord segments where the somata of the preganglionic sympathetic fibers arise.

A

lateral grey column of T1-T12 and L1-L2 or L3

28
Q

What is the size in diameter of the axons of the white ramus communicant?

A

1.5-4 microns

29
Q

Name the spinal cord segments of the outflow of the sympathetic nervous system.

A

T1-T12, L1-L2 or L3 (Thoracolumbar region)

30
Q

How many white rami communicans arise from the thoracic spinal nerve?

A

24 (12 pairs from thoracic)

31
Q

The sympathetic preganglionic fibers pass in the ventral spinal root as myelinated fibers. True/False

A

True

32
Q

The postganglionic sympathetic fibers return to the spinal nerves through the (white/grey) rami communicantes.

A

grey

33
Q

Most peripheral nerves contain postganglionic parasympathetic fibers. True/False

A

False (Most peripheral nerves contain postganglion sympathetic fibers)

34
Q

Peripheral autonomic activity is integrated at the brainstem which includes all of the following, EXCEPT;

a. limbic system
b. thalamus
c. hypophysis
d. hypothalamus

A

hypophysis

35
Q

The internal carotid plexus communicates laterally with all of the following, EXCEPT;

a. pterygopalatine ganglion
b. tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve
c. ciliary ganglion
d. abducent nerve.

A

ciliary ganglion

36
Q

Name the nerve which sends vasomotor rami to the hypophysis cerebri.

A

internal carotid plexus

37
Q

Name the artery on which the right and left sympathetic system connect each other in the cranial cavity.

A

anterior communicating artery

38
Q

Name the sympathetic nerve which supplies the carotid body and pharyngeal plexus.

A

laryngopharyngeal branches of superior cervical ganglion

39
Q

The largest sympathetic cardiac nerve arises from the ______ ganglia.

A

middle cervical ganglion or the sympathetic trunk near it

40
Q

Name the sympathetic nerve which supplies the otic ganglion and to the genicular ganglion.

A

middle meningeal plexus

41
Q

Name the ganglia which sends branches to enclose the vertebral artery.

A

middle cervical ganglion

42
Q

Name the spinal cord segments which send the preganglionic sympathetic fibers to the head and neck.

A

T1-T5

43
Q

Name the sympathetic nerve which loops the first part of the subclavian artery.

A

ansa subclavia

44
Q

The thoracic sympathetic trunk passes through the ___ to become lumbar sympathetic trunk.

A

crus of the diaphragm

45
Q

The thoracic sympathetic trunk passes through or posterior to following structures, EXCEPT

a. Medial arcuate ligament.
b. Lateral arcuate ligament.
c. Right crus of the diaphragm.
d. Left crus of the diaphragm.

A

lateral arcuate ligament

46
Q

The thoracic sympathetic trunk passes dorsal to the _____ to become lumbar sympathetic trunk.

A

medial arcuate ligament

47
Q

The greater splanchnic nerve is formed by branches from the T5 to T9 or T10 ganglia. True/False

A

True

48
Q

Name the thoracic sympathetic ganglia which form the lesser splanchnic nerve.

A

T9-T10 ganglia

49
Q

The lowest splanchnic nerve enters the abdominal cavity through the____.

A

crus of the diaphragm

50
Q

How many lumbar sympathetic ganglia are in the human body on each side?

A

4 interconnected ganglia

51
Q

All of the following are correct description about the lumbar sympathetic ganglia and trunk, EXCEPT

a. Located in the retroperitoneal space.
b. Located anterolateral to the lumbar vertebra.
c. Located along the lateral margin of the psoas major.
d. Superiorly it is posterior to the medial arcuate ligament.

A

located along the lateral margin of the psoas major (medial margin)

52
Q

The first lumbar splanchnic nerve joins the following plexuses, EXCEPT

a. Celiac plexus.
b. renal plexus.
c. Intermesenteric plexus.
d. superior hypogastric plexus.

A

superior hypogastric plexus

53
Q

Name the nerve which joins the hypogastric nerve from the lumbar sympathetic chain ganglia.

A

4th lumbar splanchnic nerve

54
Q

Name the artery on which the lower lumbar splanchnic nerves form a plexus.

a. Common iliac artery
b. External iliac artery
c. Internal iliac artery
d. Obturator nerve

A

common iliac artery

55
Q

The pelvic sympathetic trunk locates medial to the ventral sacral foramina. True/False

A

True

56
Q

Which of the following is not a correct description of the pelvic sympathetic trunk with its ganglia?

a. It sends grey rami communicantes to the sacral and coccygeal spinal nerves.
b. It lies laterally to the ventral sacral foramina.
c. It has four or five interconnected ganglia.
d. Inferiorly the right and left trunk converge to the ganglion impar.

A

it lies laterally to the ventral sacral foramina (lies medially)

57
Q

The ganglion impar is the part of the parasympathetic nervous system. True/False

A

False, part of sympathetic nervous system

58
Q

The heart receives the sympathetic fibers from the

a. T1 - T5
b. T10 - L2
c. T9 - T10
d. T8 - L1

A

T1-T5

59
Q

The segmental sympathetic nerves to the kidney are;

a. T11 - L2
b. T11 - T12
c. T1 - T5
d. T10 - L1

A

T10-L1

60
Q

Name the two interconnecting ganglionated plexuses in the enteric nervous system.

A

the myenteric (Auerbach) plexus and the submucosal (Meissner and Henle) plexus

61
Q

The submucous plexus extends from ____ to the ____.

A

extends from the upper part of the esophagus to the margin of the internal anal sphincter

62
Q

Which of the following extends from the stomach to the internal anal sphincter in the enteric nervous system?

a. Celiac plexus
b. Submucous plexus
c. Intermesenteric plexus
d. Myenteric plexus

A

submucous plexus

63
Q

What do the enteric sensory neurons monitor?

A

intestinal wall tension intestinal contents interneurons connected to motor neurons (control intestinal activity)

PNS (15 decks)

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