ANS

Question 1

action of hemicholinium

Answer 1

prevents Ach uptake

ratelimiting step

Question 2

botulinum MOA

Answer 2

Prevents fusion of ca with vesicles and hence inhibit release

Question 3

cardiac muscurinic recep?

Answer 3

M2

Gi
M1,M3=Gq

Question 4

M1 found in?

Answer 4

gastric parietal cells

Question 5

mecamylamine acts on

Answer 5

selectively blocks Nn

atracurium=Nm

Question 6

xerostomia due to irradiation

Answer 6

pilocarpine

also in Sjorgen syndrome-dry mouth and eye

Question 7

druh used in emergency lowering of both open and close angle glaucoma

Answer 7

pilocarpine

Question 8

bathenecol used for

Answer 8

major actions on smooth muscles of

bladder- atonic bladder
intestine- neurogenic atony ,megacolon ,

Question 9

Achesterase inhibitors used in alzhiemer

Answer 9

tacrine(hepatotoxicity)

donepizil

gelantamine

rivastigmine

Question 10

which of he following can cross BBB

physo/ neostigmine

Answer 10

physostigmine

-so can be used to reverse excess of centrally acting antimuscurinic.

Question 11

what is ecthiophate

Answer 11

irreversible inhibitor of Ach-estrase

attach via its phoaphate group

once loss of alkyl group occurs(aging) pralidoxime ll not be able to reverse it .

Question 12

what are the disadvantages of pralidoxime

Answer 12

1. works before aging of enz takes place
2. at higher doses has AchE inhibiting property
3. cannot reverse reversible AchE inh action.

Question 13

Why people on MOA inhibitors should avoid cheese and wine

Answer 13

To prevent hypertensive crises /cheese effect.

Due to inhibition of mao-a in gut lot of tyramine will enter into circulation.

Tyramine being a releaser will lead to release of massive amounts of NE leading to hypertensive crises.

Question 14

Moa of botulism toxin

Answer 14

Binds to synaptobrevin on nerve terminal and prevent release of ach

Question 15

What is pKa

Answer 15

It is the the ph at which the drug is 50% ionised and 50% nonionised

Question 16

What are different types of M receptors

Answer 16

M1:secretion from git glands especially H + leading to gastric ulcer

M2: heart (AVN and SAN)

M3: all smooth muscles of body

Question 17

Nicotinic receptors

Answer 17

Nn:found at adrenal medulla and autonomic ganglia

Nm:found on the skeletal muscles

Question 18

Ventricular muscles of heart are under the control of which part of ANS

Answer 18

Sympathetic leading to inotropic response

PANS only innervate SA and AVN tissue
SANS innervates both nodal and musculature

Question 19

All glands of the body have M3 receptors except

Answer 19

GIT which have M1 receptora

Question 20

Effect of Ach on vessels

Answer 20

Act on M3 receptirs in endothelium of blood vessels -production of NO- diffusion into smooth muscle cells- vasodilation

Question 21

Why indirect muscurinic receptor agonists have no effect on blood vessels

Answer 21

Because M3 receptors are not innervated so there is not any nerve terminal on which the drug can act

Question 22

Second messenger of M and N receptors

Answer 22

M1/3:Gq-inc phospholipase C -inc IP3,DAG ,Ca

M2:Gi

Nn Nm: no second