ANP 1107A Reproductive System Lecture Two Flashcards
what is the starting point of spermatogenesis?
spermatogonium
what is after spermatognoia?
- primary spermatocyte
- secondary spermatocyte
- spermatid
what is the starting point, and how many times does it have to be maintained?
spermatogonium
constantly
in spermatognium, what happens to the type A and B cells?
type A stays to maintain the cell population
type B goes ahead to become the primary spermatocyte (undergoes meiosis)
what is the starting point of meitoitc divisons?
primary spermatocyte
what does the primary spermatocyte make?
2 secondary spermatocytes (haploid)
how many days does it take for a primary spermatocyte to become a spermatozoan?
70 days
what does the conversion of a spermatid to a spermatozoan require?
reogranization of cytoplasm and nucleus
development of a flagella
what is the spermatozoa released, and is it mature?
lumen
no
in the epididymis, what skills will the spermatozoa acquire?
ability to move/swim
ability to fertilize
what is embedded in the sertoli cells?
spermatocytes
spermatids
what does the sertoli cells sit on?
basement membrane
what two compartments do the tight junctions make in the sertoli cells/seminiferous tubules?
- basal compartment
- adluminal compartment
what 5 things can sertoli cells do?
- nourish the spermatozoa that are developing
- digest discarded cytoplasm by spermatozoa
- secrete fluid into lumen to aid the spermatozoas transport
- product inhibin (to inhibit FSH)
- bind FSH and testosterone
where are the leydig cells located?
between the seminiferous tubules
true or false: the leydig cells are not vascularized
false
- they’re vascularized for cholesterol and to maintain testosterone levels
what receptors do leydig cells contain, and what is it for?
receptors for LH
- stimulate testosterone to:
1. support spermatogenesis
2. support accessory organs
how long does the sperm spend in the epididymis?
20 days
- to gain the ability to swim and fertilize eggs
what does the seminal vesicles secrete?
yellow alkaline fluid
- fructose as main energy source
which organ contains prostaglandins (PGs)
seminal vesicles
what fluid does the prostate glands secrete, and wwhat does it do?
- milky fluid
- to neutralize the acidity of the vagina
where does gnrh, lh, and fsh come from
gnrh: hypothalamus
lh & fsh : anterior pituitary gland
why is the female reproductive system more complex?
- has to produce gametes & hormones
- prepare to nurture eggs
naming!
internal genitalia is..
accesory ducts…
external genitalia..
internal gentialia is: ovaries
accessory ducts: uterine tubes, uterus, vagina
external genitalia: vulva
what is the ovary anchored by?
ligaments
- mesovarium
- ovarian
- suspensory
which ligaments are broad ligaments?
- mesovarium
- suspensory
what are the arteries served by?
abdomoinal aorta
what is the external surface of the ovary covered by?
tunica albuginea
what is the final outer covering of the ovary?
germinal epithelium
- tunica is the one under it
what does the ovarian cortex contain?
follicles at all stages of development
what are the 3 things the ovarian cortex contains?
oocyte
theca cells
granulosa cells
- last 2 are supporting cells
how is corpus luteum formed?
from a ruptured follicle after ovulation each month
what is the function of the fallopian tube?
recieve egg
site for fertilization
3 portions of the fallopian tube (start from when egg is released)
- fimbrae
2.infundibulum
3.ampulla
what is the structure of the wall (fallopian tube) that helps the oocyte move towards the uterus?
- smooth muscle helps with contracting
- cilia helps with current
what is the external covering of the fallopian tube?
visceral peritoneum
- supported by mesosalpinx
where is the uterus located?
-posterior to the rectum
-posterior-superior to the bladder
functions of embyro?
recieves, nourishes, and retains embyro
what is the internal os?
uterus to cervix
what is the external os?
cervix to vagina
what do the cervical glands do?
fills the cervical canal & external os with mucus
- prevents infection
why does the mucus of the cervical glands become less vicous at midcycle?
to let the sperm come in easily
mesometrium connect to the uterus?
laterally
how does the uterosacral ligament and uterus connect to each other?
from uterus to sacrum posteriorly
how does the cardinal ligament connect to the uterus
– from cervix & upper vagina to the lateral walls of the pelvis
how does the round ligaments connect to the uterus
anterior body wall of pelvis to uterus
how many layers does the uterine wall contain, and what are they?
3
1. perimetrium (outer)
2. myometrium
3. endometrium
what is the perimetrium made of?
visceral peritoneum
what is the myometrium made of?
- smooth muscle
what is the endometrium made of?
- lamina propria
- columnar epithelium
what is the stratum functionalis and basalis apart of?
- the endometrium
what does the stratum functionalis do?
-functions until menstruation (sheds)
what does the stratum basalis do?
- layer @ base that makes new functionalis
fix the order of vascular supply to the uterus!
- radial arteries
- spiral (functionalis)/straight arteries (basalis)
- arcuate arteries
- uterine arteries
- uterine arteries from internal iliacs
- arcuate arteries
- radial arteries within myometrium
- spiral (functionalis)/straight arteries (basalis)
how long is the vagina, and where is it located in terms of the urethra
-8-10 cm
-posterior to urethra & parallel
the vagina is a passageway for…
- sperm
- exit of menstrual flow
- infant delivery
what is the 3 layers of the vagina?
- adventitia
- muscularis
- mucosa
what is a hymen?
-incomplete vascular parirtion/barrier near vaginal orifice/opening
-can be ruptured
how can the hymen be ruptured?
-sex
-sports
-tampon
-vaginal check up
