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ANP 1107A > ANP 1107A Reproductive System Lecture Two > Flashcards

ANP 1107A Reproductive System Lecture Two Flashcards

1
Q

what is the starting point of spermatogenesis?

A

spermatogonium

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2
Q

what is after spermatognoia?

A
  1. primary spermatocyte
  2. secondary spermatocyte
  3. spermatid
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3
Q

what is the starting point, and how many times does it have to be maintained?

A

spermatogonium
constantly

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4
Q

in spermatognium, what happens to the type A and B cells?

A

type A stays to maintain the cell population

type B goes ahead to become the primary spermatocyte (undergoes meiosis)

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5
Q

what is the starting point of meitoitc divisons?

A

primary spermatocyte

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6
Q

what does the primary spermatocyte make?

A

2 secondary spermatocytes (haploid)

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7
Q

how many days does it take for a primary spermatocyte to become a spermatozoan?

A

70 days

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8
Q

what does the conversion of a spermatid to a spermatozoan require?

A

reogranization of cytoplasm and nucleus

development of a flagella

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9
Q

what is the spermatozoa released, and is it mature?

A

lumen

no

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10
Q

in the epididymis, what skills will the spermatozoa acquire?

A

ability to move/swim

ability to fertilize

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11
Q

what is embedded in the sertoli cells?

A

spermatocytes
spermatids

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12
Q

what does the sertoli cells sit on?

A

basement membrane

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13
Q

what two compartments do the tight junctions make in the sertoli cells/seminiferous tubules?

A
  • basal compartment
  • adluminal compartment
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14
Q

what 5 things can sertoli cells do?

A
  1. nourish the spermatozoa that are developing
  2. digest discarded cytoplasm by spermatozoa
  3. secrete fluid into lumen to aid the spermatozoas transport
  4. product inhibin (to inhibit FSH)
  5. bind FSH and testosterone
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15
Q

where are the leydig cells located?

A

between the seminiferous tubules

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16
Q

true or false: the leydig cells are not vascularized

A

false

  • they’re vascularized for cholesterol and to maintain testosterone levels
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17
Q

what receptors do leydig cells contain, and what is it for?

A

receptors for LH

  • stimulate testosterone to:
    1. support spermatogenesis
    2. support accessory organs
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18
Q

how long does the sperm spend in the epididymis?

A

20 days
- to gain the ability to swim and fertilize eggs

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19
Q

what does the seminal vesicles secrete?

A

yellow alkaline fluid

  • fructose as main energy source
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20
Q

which organ contains prostaglandins (PGs)

A

seminal vesicles

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21
Q

what fluid does the prostate glands secrete, and wwhat does it do?

A
  • milky fluid
  • to neutralize the acidity of the vagina
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22
Q

where does gnrh, lh, and fsh come from

A

gnrh: hypothalamus
lh & fsh : anterior pituitary gland

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23
Q

why is the female reproductive system more complex?

A
  1. has to produce gametes & hormones
  2. prepare to nurture eggs
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24
Q

naming!

internal genitalia is..
accesory ducts…
external genitalia..

A

internal gentialia is: ovaries
accessory ducts: uterine tubes, uterus, vagina
external genitalia: vulva

25
Q

what is the ovary anchored by?

A

ligaments

  1. mesovarium
  2. ovarian
  3. suspensory
26
Q

which ligaments are broad ligaments?

A
  1. mesovarium
  2. suspensory
27
Q

what are the arteries served by?

A

abdomoinal aorta

28
Q

what is the external surface of the ovary covered by?

A

tunica albuginea

29
Q

what is the final outer covering of the ovary?

A

germinal epithelium

  • tunica is the one under it
30
Q

what does the ovarian cortex contain?

A

follicles at all stages of development

31
Q

what are the 3 things the ovarian cortex contains?

A

oocyte
theca cells
granulosa cells

  • last 2 are supporting cells
32
Q

how is corpus luteum formed?

A

from a ruptured follicle after ovulation each month

33
Q

what is the function of the fallopian tube?

A

recieve egg
site for fertilization

34
Q

3 portions of the fallopian tube (start from when egg is released)

A
  1. fimbrae
    2.infundibulum
    3.ampulla
35
Q

what is the structure of the wall (fallopian tube) that helps the oocyte move towards the uterus?

A
  1. smooth muscle helps with contracting
  2. cilia helps with current
36
Q

what is the external covering of the fallopian tube?

A

visceral peritoneum

  • supported by mesosalpinx
37
Q

where is the uterus located?

A

-posterior to the rectum
-posterior-superior to the bladder

38
Q

functions of embyro?

A

recieves, nourishes, and retains embyro

39
Q

what is the internal os?

A

uterus to cervix

40
Q

what is the external os?

A

cervix to vagina

41
Q

what do the cervical glands do?

A

fills the cervical canal & external os with mucus

  • prevents infection
42
Q

why does the mucus of the cervical glands become less vicous at midcycle?

A

to let the sperm come in easily

43
Q

mesometrium connect to the uterus?

A

laterally

44
Q

how does the uterosacral ligament and uterus connect to each other?

A

from uterus to sacrum posteriorly

45
Q

how does the cardinal ligament connect to the uterus

A

– from cervix & upper vagina to the lateral walls of the pelvis

46
Q

how does the round ligaments connect to the uterus

A

anterior body wall of pelvis to uterus

47
Q

how many layers does the uterine wall contain, and what are they?

A

3
1. perimetrium (outer)
2. myometrium
3. endometrium

48
Q

what is the perimetrium made of?

A

visceral peritoneum

49
Q

what is the myometrium made of?

A
  • smooth muscle
50
Q

what is the endometrium made of?

A
  • lamina propria
  • columnar epithelium
51
Q

what is the stratum functionalis and basalis apart of?

A
  • the endometrium
52
Q

what does the stratum functionalis do?

A

-functions until menstruation (sheds)

53
Q

what does the stratum basalis do?

A
  • layer @ base that makes new functionalis
54
Q

fix the order of vascular supply to the uterus!

  1. radial arteries
  2. spiral (functionalis)/straight arteries (basalis)
  3. arcuate arteries
  4. uterine arteries
A
  1. uterine arteries from internal iliacs
  2. arcuate arteries
  3. radial arteries within myometrium
  4. spiral (functionalis)/straight arteries (basalis)
55
Q

how long is the vagina, and where is it located in terms of the urethra

A

-8-10 cm
-posterior to urethra & parallel

56
Q

the vagina is a passageway for…

A
  1. sperm
  2. exit of menstrual flow
  3. infant delivery
57
Q

what is the 3 layers of the vagina?

A
  1. adventitia
  2. muscularis
  3. mucosa
58
Q

what is a hymen?

A

-incomplete vascular parirtion/barrier near vaginal orifice/opening

-can be ruptured

59
Q

how can the hymen be ruptured?

A

-sex
-sports
-tampon
-vaginal check up

ANP 1107A (5 decks)

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